Zhaoqing
Zhaoqing, alternately romanized as Shiuhing, is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China. As of the 2020 census, its population was 4,113,594, with 1,553,109 living in the built-up area made of Duanzhou, Dinghu and Gaoyao. The prefectural seat—except the Seven Star Crags—is fairly flat, but thickly forested mountains lie just outside its limits. Numerous rice paddies and aquaculture ponds are found on the outskirts of the city. Sihui and the southern districts of the prefecture are considered part of the Pearl River Delta.
Formerly one of the most important cities in southern China, Zhaoqing lost its importance during the contemporary era and is now primarily known for tourism and as a provincial "college town". Residents from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and the other cities of the Pearl River Delta often visit it for weekend excursions. It is also a growing manufacturing center.
Name
Zhaoqing was known to the Qin as Sihui and Han as Gaoyao. It was renamed Duanzhou from its role as the seat of Duan Prefecture under the Sui. The present name, meaning "Beginning Auspiciousness", was bestowed on the area by Emperor Huizong of the Song in 1118. "Zhaoqing" is the pinyin romanization; the earlier Postal Map form "Shiuhing" derives from the name's Cantonese pronunciation.History
Gaoyao was located on the south bank of the Xi River, named for its district's principal feature: the river's Lingyang Gorge. In the late 6th and early 7th centuries, the administration was relocated to Duanzhou on the opposite bank of the river, which became an important administrative and military center of the southern Sui Empire.The was built in Duanzhou during the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song.
When the Portuguese arrived in the 16th century, Zhaoqing was still an important center, serving as the seat of the Viceroy of Liangguang. Matteo Ricci's On the Christian Expedition among the Sinae tells of the early visits of Macanese-based Europeans to Zhaoqing. The Viceroy Chen Rui summoned Macao's governor and bishop in the early 1580s, but the town sent its auditor Mattia Penella and the Italian Jesuit Michele Ruggieri in their place in 1582. After several false starts, Ruggieri and Matteo Ricci were allowed to establish their residence in the city, the first Jesuit mission house on mainland China, after Zhaoqing's governor Wang Pan learned of Ricci's skill as a mathematician and cartographer. Ricci drew the first modern Chinese map of the world in Zhaoqing in 1584. Ruggieri left for Rome in 1588 but Ricci remained until the next year, when a new viceroy expelled him from the city and obliged the Jesuits to relocate to Shaozhou.
During mid-17th century, Zhaoqing served as the capital of the Southern Ming empire ruled by Emperor Yongli. The town fell in 1650 and the prince relocated to Guilin and then various locations in Guangxi, Yunnan, Kokang and Burma. The Jesuits Andreas Wolfgang Koffler and, later, Michał Boym stayed for some time at his court.
The Qing viceroy of Liangguang relocated to Guangzhou but Zhaoqing remained a commandery seat, overseeing the counties of Gaoyao, Guangning, Deqing, Sihui, and Kaijian and Fengchuan ; Gaoming ; Xinxing ; Heshan, Kaiping, and Enping ; and Yangchun and Yangjiang.
Geography
Zhaoqing is located west of Guangzhou, in the west Pearl River Delta. It lies on the north shores of the Xi River, which flows from west to east, and opposite of Gaoyao. A plain area lies to the south and west of Zhaoqing, with mountains to the east and north.Climate
The city has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate. The yearly average temperature is, and annual precipitation is.Geology
In 2025, researchers confirmed that a mountaintop crater in Deqing County is the result of an impact event estimated to have occurred during the Holocene-era, less than 11,700 years ago. The crater is the largest known impact crater stemming from an impact during the Holocene era.Administration
Zhaoqing has jurisdiction over 3 districts, 4 counties and 1 County-level city:Economy
Located in the Pearl River Delta, Zhaoqing is one of the 9 prefecture-level cities in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone.Primary industries
The rich local resources within the mountainous regions include coal, limestone, copper, lead, zinc, granite, gold, sulfur, gypsum and other minerals.In the agriculture sector, the fertile plains yield paddy rice, sugar cane, aquatic products, fruits, rosin and cassia bark. Horticulture and farming contribute greatly to the local economy. The industries of Poultry farming and animal husbandry are also seeking to modernize their technology and management.
The forests in the mountainous regions of the city provide a rich source for herbal medicines and other materials like rosin and casia bark that are harvested from various forest plants.
Secondary industries
Food and beverages, building materials, electronics, micro bioengineering, chemicals, equipment and machinery, textile and garments are the pillar industries. Duanzhou, Gaoyao and Sihui area being developed as the export-oriented industrial bases. Yunfu is a major area for the production of sulfur and iron.To facilitate industrial development in Zhaoqing, the local government has made great efforts in establishing various industrial zones / parks in the city. The largest one is the Guangdong Zhaoqing High-tech Industrial Development Zone, with an area of, that consists of two industrial parks, Sanrong Industrial Park and Dawang Industrial Park, of areas respectively. Dawang is facilitated as an export processing and trade zone.
Landmarks
A city with a long history, Zhaoqing has numerous cultural relics designated as Guangdong Provincial Cultural Relic Protection sites, six of them National Key Cultural Relic Protection Sites. Of the six, two are located in Deqing County and four are located in Duanzhou District. These sites are open to the public for most of the time.In addition to Cultural Relic Protection Sites, Zhaoqing contains many scenic attractions and landmarks, including the Xinghu Sightseeing Area, an AAAAA tourist attraction. The Xinghu Sightseeing Area is composed of the Seven Star Crags and the Dinghu Mountain, the first established nature reserve in China. Other scenic spots include the Piyun Tower, Jiulong Lake, Baozheng Temple, Chongxi Pagoda, Zhenshan Mountain, and.
Education
The city government of Zhaoqing is currently seeking to improve its higher education system and preserve cultural resources. Zhaoqing has a university and is also home to a campus of Guangdong University of Finance. There is also Zhaoqing Foreign Language College, a Canadian-American School and numerous other schools including those specializing in foreign language study.Colleges and universities
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing Foreign Language College
- Guangdong College of Business and Technology
- Zhaoqing Financial University
Transportation
Zhaoqing is served by railways and highways. Direct train and bus services connect it to Guangzhou, Hong Kong and other cities in Guangdong. Major roadways include Interstates 321 and 324 and the Guang-Zhao and Guang-Wu Expressways. The Sanmao Railway also runs through Zhaoqing. It is connected with Hong Kong via the KCRC Guangdong Through Train service from Zhaoqing railway station. Hong Kong owned and based Chu Kong Passenger Transport Co., Ltd also runs daily express catamaran ferries between Zhaoqing and Hong Kong.Within the city, the primary form of public transportation is the 32 public bus routes and 2 sightseeing routes.