Zaiyuan


Zaiyuan, formally known as Prince Yi, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. He was one of the eight regents appointed by the Xianfeng Emperor to assist his successor, the Tongzhi Emperor.

Life

Zaiyuan was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as a descendant of Yinxiang, the 13th son of the Kangxi Emperor. He inherited his ancestors' peerage, "Prince Yi of the First Rank", in 1852 during the reign of the Daoguang Emperor.
Zaiyuan took up important positions during the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor, including a minister in the Imperial Clan Court and an imperial guard commander. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, Zaiyuan and Muyin travelled to Tongzhou to replace Guiliang in the peace negotiations with British and French officials. When the negotiations failed, the Mongol general Sengge Rinchen took members of the British delegation, including Harry Smith Parkes, Henry Loch, Thomas William Bowlby, and their escorts hostage. The majority of the group – except the two diplomats – died from torture or disease; the survivors were released later. In the meantime, Anglo-French expeditionary forces closed in on Beijing. On 18 October, in retaliation for the capture and deaths of the peace delegation, British and French forces sacked and burnt the Old Summer Palace. Zaiyuan had already fled with the Xianfeng Emperor to the Chengde Mountain Resort in Hebei. Prince Gong, who was ordered to remain behind to make peace with the invaders, successfully concluded the Convention of Beijing with British, French and Russian officials.
Before the Xianfeng Emperor died in 1861, he appointed Zaiyuan, Sushun, Duanhua and five others as regents to assist his son, who succeeded him as the Tongzhi Emperor. Later that year, Prince Gong, with support from the Empress Dowagers Empress [Dowager Ci'an|Ci'an] and Cixi, launched the Xinyou Coup and seized power from the eight regents. Zaiyuan was arrested, imprisoned, and given a piece of white silk cloth to commit suicide by hanging himself with the cloth. After Zaiyuan's death, the Prince Yi peerage was inherited by Zaidun, one of his distant relatives.

Family

Primary Consort
  • Primary Consort, of the Nara clan
  • * Princess of the Third Rank, first daughter
  • ** married Boyanamohu of the Khorchin Borjigitn clan in 1852
  • * Second Daughter
  • * Third Daughter
  • ** married Darma of the Borjigin clan in 1863
Secondary Consort
  • Secondary Consort, of the Fanggiya clan
  • * Fourth Daughter
  • ** married Xilingga of the Ulanghai clan in 1867
  • * Fifth Daughter
  • * Sixth Daughter
  • ** married Nolasang Wangbu of the Ulanghai clan in 1874