Yang Jun (prince)


Yang Jun, nicknamed Azhi and formally known as Prince Xiao of Qin, was an imperial prince of the Chinese Sui dynasty. He was a son of Emperor Wen and his powerful wife, Empress Dugu. Yang Jun died as a result of an illness caused by poisoning, allegedly by his jealous wife, Princess Cui. His son, Yang Hao, was later briefly declared emperor by the general Yuwen Huaji after Yuwen killed Yang Jun's brother, Emperor Yang, in 618.

Family

Parents
Consort and their respective issue:

Early life

Yang Jun was born in 571 as the third son of Yang Jian and Dugu Qieluo, following his brothers Yang Yong and Yang Guang. In 581, Yang Jian seized the throne from Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou, ending the Northern Zhou dynasty and establishing the Sui dynasty as Emperor Wen. Yang Jian then created his sons princes, granting Yang Jun the title of Prince of Qin. In 582, at age 11, Yang Jun was appointed governor of Luo Province and was nominally designated as the commander of the armed forces east of the Hangu Pass. By 583, he had become commandant of Qin Province and oversaw the surrounding regions. Around this period, Yang Jun became a devout Buddhist, known for his kindness. At one point, he requested permission from Emperor Wen to become a monk, a request that was ultimately denied by the emperor.

Military and political career

In 586, Yang Jun was appointed as the regional executive for the provinces south of the Qinling Mountains, stationed in Xiangyang. Around this time, his wife, Princess Cui—sister of the general Cui Hongdu —gave birth to their first son, Yang Hao. In 588, when Emperor Wen launched a major campaign against the rival Chen dynasty, Yang Jun was stationed at Hankou and appointed commander of Sui forces in the central Yangtze River region. The Chen general Zhou Luohou arrived to counter Yang Jun's forces, but Yang Jun, seeking to avoid significant battle losses, opted for a stalemate rather than direct engagement. This strategy effectively blocked Chen reinforcements from reaching their capital, Jiankang, which was subsequently attacked by Yang Jun's brother, Yang Guang.
When Jiankang fell and the Chen emperor Chen Shubao was captured, Zhou surrendered. Despite this, Chen Shubao's brother, Chen Shushen, and cousin Chen Zhengli attempted to resist from Chen Shushen’s post at Xiang Province. Sui generals Xue Zhou and Liu Ren'en defeated and captured Chen Shushen, delivering him to Yang Jun, who subsequently executed him.
In a report to Emperor Wen, Yang Jun expressed humility, stating, "It is unfortunate that I am given even the task of grinding grains, as I contributed nothing to the war effort, and am ashamed of it." Emperor Wen, however, appreciated Yang Jun's modesty. When Chen Shubao and his family were presented to Emperor Wen, Yang Guang and Yang Jun led the procession into the palace as victors. Subsequently, Emperor Wen appointed Yang Jun as commandant at Yang Province, overseeing 44 provinces, most of which were former Chen territories. In 590, Emperor Wen reassigned Yang Jun to Bing Province, placing him in charge of 24 provinces, while Yang Guang took over Yang Jun's previous command.

Fall from grace

While at Bing Province, Yang Jun began to lead a life of luxury, even building palaces that exceeded what was considered appropriate for an imperial prince. He also acquired many concubines, which angered his wife, Princess Cui, who became jealous and resentful of his behavior. In 597, she poisoned melons that Yang Jun was eating, causing him to fall seriously ill and necessitating his return to Chang'an for treatment. Upon learning of Yang Jun’s excessive spending and lavish lifestyle, Emperor Wen, who valued frugality, was displeased with his son’s wastefulness. In the fall of 597, Emperor Wen removed Yang Jun from all his posts and stripped him of his duties, allowing him to retain only his title as an imperial prince.
It was soon discovered that Princess Cui was responsible for poisoning Yang Jun. In response, Emperor Wen ordered their divorce, sent her back to her family, and then commanded her to commit suicide. Generals Liu Sheng and Yang Su argued that Yang Jun's punishment was overly harsh, but Emperor Wen replied:
Emperor Wen thus did not allow Yang Jun to return to his previous positions. Thereafter, Yang Jun’s health deteriorated further, and by 600, he was gravely ill. He sent messengers with a petition seeking forgiveness, but Emperor Wen refused to pardon him. Only when Yang Jun was close to death did Emperor Wen confer upon him the honorific title of Shang Zhuguo, which, in the Sui dynasty's nine-rank system, was first rank, second class, but carried no actual authority.

Death and legacy

Yang Jun died in the summer of 600, and it was noted that Emperor Wen shed only a few tears before stopping. He ordered that all the overly luxurious items Yang Jun had created be destroyed. When Yang Jun's staff requested permission to erect a stone monument in his honor, Emperor Wen responded:
Yang Jun was survived by two sons: Yang Hao, born to Princess Cui, and Yang Zhan, born to a concubine. The imperial officials, sensing that Emperor Wen would likely disapprove of either son inheriting Yang Jun's title, advised against it. They argued that Yang Hao was tainted by Princess Cui's crimes, and that Yang Zhan, as the son of a concubine, should not inherit the title. Emperor Wen agreed with their advice and assigned Yang Jun's staff as his mourners instead.
Yang Jun's eldest daughter, Princess Yongfeng, who was 11 at the time, mourned her father with such devotion that historians later praised her piety. It was not until 604, when Yang Guang ascended to the throne, that Yang Hao was allowed to inherit the title of Prince of Qin, and Yang Zhan was created the Marquess of Jibei.