Yabutian languages
The Yabutian or Jabutian languages are two similar moribund languages of southern Rondônia, Brazil, namely Arikapú and Djeoromitxi. They are members of the Macro-Jê language family. Maxubí was sometimes seen as a distinct language, but is now evaluated as representing Arikapú.
Vocabulary
lists the following basic vocabulary items for Yabutian language varieties.Proto-language
Proto-Jabutí reconstructions by van der Voort :| gloss | Proto-Jabutí |
| 'kind of yam' | *mu |
| 'sun' | *tõhã |
| 'moon' | |
| 'water ; liquid' | *miru |
| *tʃε | |
| *h. | |
| 'classifier ' | *-kakə |
| *-tʃitʃi | |
| *kunĩ | |
| *ri | |
| 'to remove' | *kokɨ |
| 'water, liquid' | |
| 'to squeeze liquid' | *ɨmĩ |
| 'needle' | *pudʒi |
| 'to hang, to tie ' | *tətʃəj |
| 'clay for making pots and dishes' | *mr |
| 'INTENS.' | *wεhε |
| 'container, large leaf, bag' | *təkə |
| 'bench, mat' | *nĩpraj |
| 'belly' | *prika |
| 'shell, nutshell, bug/beetle' | *kakə |
| 'tooth' | *tʃo |
| 'mouth' | *tʃa-, *tʃako |
| 'arm, branch' | *tʃapa |
| 'to play' | *hãtõj |
| 'earring' | *nĩpɨkuj |
| 'monkey species ' | *mihi |
| 'robust capuchin monkey' | *mirə |
| 'hair on backside ' | *kaw |
| 'way, path' | *wɪ |
| 'field' | *rɛhi |
| 'meat; flesh' | *nĩ |
| 'classifier ' | *-nĩ |
| 'tick' | *tʃitʃika |
| 'hole; classifier ' | *-ko |
| 'small basket' | *pupuka |
| 'to cry/weep/sing/shout' | *mõ |
| 'to suck' | *u |
| 'to rain' | *rõko |
| 'cicada' | *piti |
| 'clear; light ' | *praj |
| 'snake' | *mrãj |
| 'calango ' | *mrãjdʒi |
| 'lizard genus ' | *tʃaurə |
| 'to cover' | *hεtʃəj |
| 'to give' | *ũ |
| 'to take away, to get, to catch' | *hɨ̃j |
| 'to eat; to bite' | *ku |
| 'to eat' | *pu |
| 'pamonha, food; classifier ' | *nũ |
| *pakəj | |
| 'to add; ' | *pakə |
| 'to give orders, to command' | *mətɨ̃ |
| 'to tell, to teach' | *pamo |
| 'heart' | *məka |
| 'haircut, lap/flap' | *kuro |
| 'to boil' | *toto |
| 'termite' | *irε |
| 'to heal/cure, to pray' | *wi |
| 'agouti' | *təri |
| 'finger' | *nĩku |
| 'to keep/have, to put, to stash/hide' | *dʒi |
| 'to lie ' | |
| 'son, daughter, cub, offspring' | *kraj |
| 'son' | *wikoko |
| 'niece' | *prõ |
| 'to hurt; ill, sour/harsh, strong' | *tʃomi |
| 'to sleep' | *nũtõ |
| 'leaf, thorn; classifier ' | *-nĩ |
| 'to stretch/pull/arrange' | *tətəj |
| 'liver' | *mə |
| 'cord, rope' | *tʃoko |
| 'string, cord' | *tʃukə |
| 'song/singing ' | *tʃua |
| 'breechcloth string' | *unĩ |
| 'tucuma palm; rope made from tucuma palm' | *nũrõ |
| 'arrow shaft' | *məku |
| 'arrow splinter' | *itʃopu |
| 'flower' | *tʃawa |
| 'tree, log, stick' | *ku |
| 'fire' | *pitʃə |
| 'ashes' | *pitʃə |
| 'eye' | *hãka |
| 'fat, grease' | *tũ |
| 'aunt' | *dʒikũ |
| 'to put/insert; to change clothes' | *tɨ̃ |
| *nə | |
| 'to go, to walk' | |
| 'tayra ' | *mεjmia |
| 'older sister' | *tʃuhε |
| 'new, young' | *kamu |
| 'blackbird genera ' | *rimu |
| 'jug' | *məro |
| 'pot, pan, jug' | *wa |
| 'walking palm leaf' | *kumɛ̃ |
| 'peach palm' | *onɨ̃ |
| 'kind of indigenous frame for grilling meat or fish' | *kamεkə |
| 'to grill on a jirau' | *rĩ |
| 'knee' | *mε̃pε |
| 'tongue' | *nutə |
| 'female, mother' | *dʒi |
| 'wife' | *krajdʒi |
| 'grandmother' | *kurε |
| 'manioc' | *murε |
| 'hand' | *nĩ.u |
| 'to chew' | *pa |
| 'to kill ' | *t.mr. |
| 'worm, larva; classifier ' | *-rε |
| 'young girl' | *nũnɨka |
| 'to grind' | *kũ |
| 'mosquito' | *patʃĩ |
| 'woman' | *paku |
| 'to bathe' | *tʃo |
| '; no' | *tõ |
| 'no' | *mãj |
| 'bone' | *dʒi, *i |
| 'night' | *patʃitʃu |
| 'name' | *tõhĩ |
| 'cloud' | *mε̃ |
| 'ear' | *nĩpɨ |
| 'other; companion' | *tʃanãj |
| 'to hear; to know' | *mə |
| 'egg' | *ε̃ |
| 'male; father' | *tʃu, *tʃutʃi |
| 'husband' | *krajtʃu |
| 'grandfather' | *tʃuta |
| 'foot' | *praj |
| 'stone' | *kra |
| 'breasts, chest' | *nunɨ |
| 'skin, leather, bark; classifier ' | *kə |
| 'body hair, down, hair' | *kəmõ |
| 'little' | *kokə |
| 'to throw, to lose, to drop, to spill' | |
| 'to get lost' | *atõ |
| 'to weigh; heavy' | *kumɨ |
| 'neck' | *poko |
| 'peanut' | *kumrε̃j |
| 'aricuri kernel' | *mətaj |
| 'cluster of aricuri coconuts' | *mətajtʃu |
| 'Brazil nut tree' | *urə |
| 'aricuri; straw; green coconut' | *urõ |
| 'well ' | *kawiru |
| 'bridge' | *mirukurõ |
| 'door' | *mitʃakə |
| 'tired' | *tʃamə |
| 'we ' | *hi..., *hi- |
| 'you ' | *a |
| 'lung' | *mərɪ |
| 'pus' | *tʃu |
| 'to burn ' | *tʃə |
| 'hot' | *tʃə |
| 'round' | *ka |
| 'classifier ' | *-ka |
| 'lips; spit/saliva' | *tʃokə |
| 'toad' | |
| 'dry' | *karo |
| 'seed, kernel' | *hã |
| 'classifier ' | *-hã |
| 'to go away' | *kũ |
| 'on ' | *tʃutʃε |
| 'snuff, tobacco, cigarette' | *padʒi |
| 'tamanduá' | |
| 'tortoise' | *mi.ku |
| 'armadillo' | *tõw |
| 'to fear' | *pɨ |
| 'land, earth' | *mĩ |
| 'yard, square' | *miku |
| 'testicles' | *nũε̃ka |
| 'all ' | |
| 'claw, nail' | *nĩkətaj |
| 'vulture' | *tõtõtʃi |
| 'deer' | *kurɨj |
| 'old' | *rõjtʃi |
| 'to see' | *arã |
| 'green' | *kapɨ |
| 'red' | *nũro |
| 'to come ' | *prəj |
| 'to come back/return' | *mrε̃hε̃ |
| 'to want' | *iro |
| 'fish' | *minũ |
| 'slowly' | *hãt.j |
| 'reed' | *kunĩkurõ |
| 'half' | *mə |
| 'genipap fruit' | *mɪ |
| '"right?", "isn't it?"' | *nĩ |
| 'hat' | *kanũ |
| 'Brazilian tinamou bird' | *dʒui |
| 'general term for the tinamou bird genus' | *mɨkraj |
| 'cotton' | *tʃamuj |
| 'place' | *kutʃiprajka |
| 'big cará ' | *mutʃitʃi |
| 'achiote' | *kutʃamrəj |
| 'to salt' | *nɨ |
| 'nettle' | *nõ |
| 'tree species ' | *hawajtε |
| 'sticky' | *kanə |
| 'arrowleaf elephant's ear ' | *mrε̃ |
| 'lamp, candle, torch; tar/pitch' | *hãtjə |
| 'sugar, cane' | *mεkɨ |
| 'to pour, to flow/run, to throw' | *kuhi |
| 'yellow' | *numuj |
| 'to stir, to row; mixture' | *kotʃu |
| 'point' | *nĩnũ |
| 'hawk' | *pɨ̃jkuri |
| 'plug for the nose' | *nĩkoku |
| 'small larva' | *urɨ |
| 'aricuri larva' | *tʃanõ |
| 'hog plum ' | *urənĩ |
| 'fish poison plant' | *tanãj |
| 'to beat ; to knock/bring down' | *prõ |
| 'stump' | *prajka |
| 'tree species ' | *tõwkuri |
| 'to form/shape, to weave, to draw up' | *pətʃa |
| 'ingá ' | *tʃumɨ̃ |
| 'to bring/bear' | *tə |
| 'ripe, to ripen' | *tʃu |
| 'necklace' | *mrɨ̃ |
For a list of Proto-Jabutí reconstructions by Nikulin, see the corresponding Portuguese article.