X Corps (Grande Armée)
The X Corps of the Grande Armée was a French military formation active during the Napoleonic Wars. Initially, the corps was established in 1807 for the War of the Fourth Coalition under the command of Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre. In 1812, the X Corps was reconstituted during the French invasion of Russia under the command of Marshal Jacques MacDonald.
In December 1812, the Prussian contingent defected at Tauroggen, depriving the X Corps of tens of thousands of troops. This contingent later became the foundation of the reformed Prussian Army in 1813.
Campaigns
Under MacDonald's military command, the X Corps was tasked with securing the northern flank by advancing into Courland and besieging Riga. The X Corps crossed through the Neman river on 24 June 1812 and moved toward Riga; however, they failed to capture the city.
After being defeated by the Russian military's attrition warfare and hit-and-run tactics, the French retreated from Russia. Facing unfavorable weather conditions, poorly maintained logistics, and multiple lethal diseases, the X Corps was then tasked with defending Gdańsk under the leadership of General Jean Rapp. The Siege of Danzig lasted from January 1813 to January 1814 and resulted in the surrender of the French garrison.