World record progression 100 metres freestyle
The first world record in the 100 metres freestyle in long course swimming was recognised by the International Swimming Federation in 1905. In the short course swimming events, the world's governing body recognizes world records since 3 March 1991.
Times have consistently dropped over the years due to better training techniques, new developments in the sport and swimwear changes.
In the first four Olympics, competitions were not held in pools, but rather in open water. The 1904 Olympics freestyle race was the only one ever measured at 100 yards, instead of the usual 100 metres. A 100-metre pool was built for the 1908 Olympics and sat in the centre of the main stadium's track and field oval. The 1912 Olympics, held in the Stockholm harbour, marked the beginning of electronic timing.
Male swimmers wore full body suits up until the 1940s, which caused more drag in the water than their modern swim-wear counterparts. Also, over the years, pool designs have lessened the drag. Some design considerations allow for the reduction of swimming resistance making the pool faster. Namely, proper pool depth, elimination of currents, increased lane width, energy absorbing racing lane lines and gutters, and the use of other innovative hydraulic, acoustic and illumination designs.
In 2008, leading up to the Olympics, Speedo introduced a 50% Polyurethane suit dubbed LZR. Pure polyurethane suits from Arena, Adidas and Italian suit manufacturer, Jaked were thought to be largely responsible for the multiple World Records in 2009 including at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships. FINA announced a ban on non-textile suits that took effect in January 2010.
The 1924 Summer Olympics were the first to use the standard 50 metre pool with marked lanes. In the freestyle, swimmers originally dived from the pool walls, but diving blocks were eventually incorporated at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The tumble turn was developed by the 1950s.
Men
Long course
Swim was never ratified by FINA as a world record since Bernard wore an unapproved swimsuit.All-time top 25
Men long course
- Correct as of October 2025
| Time | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | |||
| 1 | 1 | 46.40 | Pan Zhanle | 31 July 2024 | Paris | ||
| 2 | 2 | 46.51 | David Popovici | 31 July 2025 | Singapore | ||
| 3 | 46.71 | Popovici #2 | 28 June 2025 | Šamorín | |||
| 4 | 46.80 | Pan #2 | 11 February 2024 | Doha | |||
| 3 | 5 | 46.81 | Jack Alexy | 30 July 2025 | Singapore | ||
| 6 | 46.84 | Popovici #3 | 30 July 2025 | Singapore | |||
| 7 | 46.86 | Popovici #4 | 13 August 2022 | Rome | |||
| 8 | 46.88 | Popovici #5 | 19 June 2024 | Belgrade | |||
| 4 | 9 | 46.91 | César Cielo | 30 July 2009 | Rome | ||
| 9 | 46.91 | Alexy #2 | 2 August 2025 | Singapore | |||
| 11 | 46.92 | Pan #3 | 27 July 2024 | Paris | |||
| 11 | 46.92 | Alexy #3 | 31 July 2025 | Singapore | |||
| 5 | 13 | 46.94 | Alain Bernard | 23 April 2009 | Montpellier | ||
| 6 | 14 | 46.96 | Caeleb Dressel | 25 July 2019 | Gwangju | ||
| 15 | 46.97 | Pan #4 | 24 September 2023 | Hangzhou | |||
| 15 | 46.97 | Pan #5 | 23 April 2024 | Shenzhen | |||
| 17 | 46.98 | Popovici #6 | 12 August 2022 | Rome | |||
| 18 | 46.99 | Alexy #4 | 3 June 2025 | Indianapolis | |||
| 19 | 47.02 | Dressel #2 | 29 July 2021 | Tokyo | |||
| 7 | 20 | 47.04 | Cameron McEvoy | 10 April 2016 | Adelaide | ||
| 8 | 21 | 47.05 | Eamon Sullivan | 13 August 2008 | Beijing | ||
| 22 | 47.06 | Pan #6 | 28 September 2023 | Hangzhou | |||
| 23 | 47.07 | Popovici #7 | 30 August 2022 | Lima | |||
| 9 | 24 | 47.08 | Kyle Chalmers | 25 July 2019 | Gwangju | ||
| 9 | 24 | 47.08 | Kyle Chalmers | 29 July 2021 | Tokyo | ||
| 24 | 47.08 | Alexy #5 | 18 June 2024 | Indianapolis | |||
| 10 | 47.10 | James Magnussen | 19 March 2012 | Adelaide | |||
| 10 | 47.10 | Guilherme Caribé | 23 April 2025 | Rio de Janeiro | |||
| 12 | 47.11 | Kliment Kolesnikov | 28 July 2021 | Tokyo | |||
| 13 | 47.15 | Frédérick Bousquet | 24 April 2009 | Montpellier | |||
| 14 | 47.25 | Chris Guiliano | 18 June 2024 | Indianapolis | |||
| 15 | 47.27 | Brent Hayden | 30 July 2009 | Rome | |||
| 16 | 47.29 | Egor Kornev | 30 July 2025 | Singapore | |||
| 17 | 47.33 | David Walters | 30 July 2009 | Rome | |||
| 17 | 47.33 | Maxime Grousset | 18 June 2024 | Chartres | |||
| 19 | 47.37 | Stefan Nystrand | 30 July 2009 | Rome | |||
| 20 | 47.39 | Ryan Held | 31 July 2019 | Stanford | |||
| 20 | 47.39 | Kim Youngbeom | 22 October 2025 | Busan | |||
| 22 | 47.43 | Vladislav Grinev | 9 April 2019 | Moscow | |||
| 23 | 47.45 | Alessandro Miressi | 19 May 2021 | Budapest | |||
| 23 | 47.45 | Matt Richards | 27 July 2023 | Fukuoka | |||
| 25 | 47.47 | Kristóf Milák | 13 August 2022 | Rome | |||
| 25 | 47.47 | Patrick Sammon | 3 June 2025 | Indianapolis |
Men short course
- Correct as of December 2025
| Time | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | |||
| 1 | 1 | 44.84 | Kyle Chalmers | 29 October 2021 | Kazan | ||
| 2 | 2 | 44.94 | Amaury Leveaux | 13 December 2008 | Rijeka | ||
| 3 | 3 | 44.95 | Vladimir Morozov | 16 November 2018 | Singapore | ||
| 3 | 3 | 44.95 | Jordan Crooks | 11 December 2024 | Budapest | ||
| 5 | 5 | 44.99 | Egor Kornev | 9 November 2025 | Kazan | ||
| 6 | 45.03 | Chalmers #2 | 21 October 2021 | Doha | |||
| 6 | 7 | 45.04 | Florent Manaudou | 5 December 2013 | Dijon | ||
| 7 | 8 | 45.05 | Jack Alexy | 10 December 2024 | Budapest | ||
| 8 | 9 | 45.08 | Nathan Adrian | 19 December 2009 | Manchester | ||
| 8 | 9 | 45.08 | Caeleb Dressel | 22 November 2020 | Budapest | ||
| 11 | 45.12 | Leveaux #2 | 12 December 2008 | Rijeka | |||
| 12 | 45.16 | Morozov #2 | 10 November 2018 | Tokyo | |||
| 12 | 45.16 | Chalmers #3 | 15 December 2022 | Melbourne | |||
| 10 | 14 | 45.17 | Maxime Grousset | 6 December 2025 | Lublin | ||
| 15 | 45.18 | Dressel #2 | 21 November 2020 | Budapest | |||
| 15 | 45.18 | Kornev #2 | 19 December 2025 | Saint Petersburg | |||
| 17 | 45.20 | Dressel #3 | 16 November 2020 | Budapest | |||
| 18 | 45.21 | Kornev #3 | 8 November 2025 | Kazan | |||
| 19 | 45.22 | Dressel #4 | 20 December 2019 | Las Vegas | |||
| 19 | 45.22 | Crooks #2 | 11 December 2024 | Budapest | |||
| 21 | 45.23 | Morozov #3 | 5 August 2017 | Berlin | |||
| 22 | 45.29 | Alexy #2 | 11 December 2024 | Budapest | |||
| 23 | 45.30 | Morozov #4 | 4 October 2018 | Budapest | |||
| 11 | 23 | 45.30 | Joshua Liendo | 24 October 2025 | Toronto | ||
| 25 | 45.33 | Alexy #3 | 11 October 2025 | Carmel | |||
| 12 | 45.36 | Evgeny Lagunov | 11 December 2009 | Istanbul | |||
| 13 | 45.46 | Matthew Abood | 21 November 2009 | Singapore | |||
| 14 | 45.47 | Guilherme Caribé | 12 December 2024 | Budapest | |||
| 15 | 45.50 | Chris Guiliano | 11 October 2025 | Carmel | |||
| 16 | 45.51 | Alessandro Miressi | 10 December 2023 | Otopeni | |||
| 17 | 45.54 | Stefan Nystrand | 10 November 2009 | Stockholm | |||
| 18 | 45.56 | Brent Hayden | 14 November 2009 | Berlin | |||
| 19 | 45.58 | Kliment Kolesnikov | 7 November 2021 | Kazan | |||
| 20 | 45.60 | James Magnussen | 7 August 2013 | Eindhoven | |||
| 21 | 45.63 | Ryan Held | 21 December 2021 | Abu Dhabi | |||
| 22 | 45.64 | David Popovici | 15 December 2022 | Melbourne | |||
| 22 | 45.64 | Jere Hribar | 6 December 2025 | Lublin | |||
| 24 | 45.68 | Danila Izotov | 11 December 2009 | Istanbul | |||
| 25 | 45.69 | Alain Bernard | 7 December 2008 | Angers |
Women long course
- Correct as of October 2025
| Time | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | |||
| 1 | 1 | 51.71 | Sarah Sjöström | 23 July 2017 | Budapest | ||
| 2 | 2 | 51.96 | Emma McKeon | 30 July 2021 | Tokyo | ||
| 3 | 3 | 52.02 | Siobhán Haughey | 8 October 2023 | Berlin | ||
| 4 | 4 | 52.03 | Cate Campbell | 10 August 2018 | Tokyo | ||
| 5 | 5 | 52.04 | Simone Manuel | 26 July 2019 | Gwangju | ||
| 6 | 52.06 | C. Campbell #2 | 2 July 2016 | Brisbane | |||
| 6 | 7 | 52.07 | Britta Steffen | 31 July 2009 | Rome | ||
| 8 | 52.08 | Sjöström #2 | 18 June 2017 | Canet-en-Roussillon | |||
| 7 | 8 | 52.08 | Mollie O'Callaghan | 23 July 2023 | Fukuoka | ||
| 10 | 52.12 | C. Campbell #3 | 13 June 2019 | Brisbane | |||
| 11 | 52.13 | McKeon #2 | 28 July 2021 | Tokyo | |||
| 12 | 52.16 | O'Callaghan #2 | 28 July 2023 | Fukuoka | |||
| 12 | 52.16 | Sjöström #3 | 31 July 2024 | Paris | |||
| 14 | 52.17 | Haughey #2 | 26 September 2023 | Hangzhou | |||
| 15 | 52.19 | McKeon #3 | 16 June 2021 | Adelaide | |||
| 16 | 52.22 | Steffen #2 | 26 July 2009 | Rome | |||
| 17 | 52.23 | Sjöström #4 | 21 July 2019 | Gwangju | |||
| 18 | 52.24 | Sjöström #5 | 23 July 2023 | Fukuoka | |||
| 18 | 52.24 | O'Callaghan #3 | 27 July 2024 | Paris | |||
| 8 | 20 | 52.26 | Marrit Steenbergen | 16 February 2024 | Doha | ||
| 21 | 52.27 | Manuel #2 | 28 July 2017 | Budapest | |||
| 9 | 21 | 52.27 | Bronte Campbell | 9 April 2018 | Gold Coast | ||
| 21 | 52.27 | Haughey #3 | 30 July 2021 | Tokyo | |||
| 21 | 52.27 | O'Callaghan #4 | 17 April 2024 | Gold Coast | |||
| 25 | 52.28 | Sjöström #6 | 14 June 2017 | Barcelona | |||
| 10 | 25 | 52.28 | Shayna Jack | 23 July 2023 | Fukuoka | ||
| 11 | 52.29 | Torri Huske | 31 July 2024 | Paris | |||
| 12 | 52.48 | Yang Junxuan | 27 July 2024 | Paris | |||
| 13 | 52.52 | Meg Harris | 14 June 2024 | Brisbane | |||
| 14 | 52.56 | Kate Douglass | 19 June 2024 | Indianapolis | |||
| 15 | 52.59 | Mallory Comerford | 23 July 2017 | Budapest | |||
| 15 | 52.59 | Penny Oleksiak | 30 July 2021 | Tokyo | |||
| 17 | 52.62 | Libby Trickett | 26 July 2009 | Rome | |||
| 18 | 52.69 | Femke Heemskerk | 5 April 2015 | Eindhoven | |||
| 18 | 52.69 | Pernille Blume | 28 July 2017 | Budapest | |||
| 20 | 52.72 | Taylor Ruck | 10 August 2018 | Tokyo | |||
| 21 | 52.74 | Charlotte Bonnet | 26 May 2018 | Saint-Raphaël | |||
| 22 | 52.75 | Ranomi Kromowidjojo | 12 April 2012 | Eindhoven | |||
| 22 | 52.75 | Anna Hopkin | 28 July 2021 | Tokyo | |||
| 24 | 52.76 | Madison Wilson | 16 June 2021 | Adelaide | |||
| 25 | 52.78 | Gretchen Walsh | 3 June 2025 | Indianapolis |
Women short course
- Correct as of December 2025
| Time | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | |||
| 1 | 1 | 49.93 | Kate Douglass | 25 October 2025 | Toronto | ||
| 2 | 50.19 | Douglass #2 | 19 October 2025 | Westmont | |||
| 2 | 3 | 50.25 | Cate Campbell | 26 October 2017 | Adelaide | ||
| 3 | 4 | 50.31 | Gretchen Walsh | 12 December 2024 | Budapest | ||
| 4 | 5 | 50.42 | Marritt Steenbergen | 6 December 2025 | Lublin | ||
| 6 | 50.49 | Walsh #2 | 11 December 2024 | Budapest | |||
| 5 | 7 | 50.58 | Sarah Sjöström | 11 August 2017 | Eindhoven | ||
| 5 | 7 | 50.58 | Emma McKeon | 9 October 2021 | Budapest | ||
| 7 | 9 | 50.60 | Béryl Gastaldello | 6 December 2025 | Lublin | ||
| 10 | 50.63 | Gastaldello #2 | 12 December 2024 | Budapest | |||
| 11 | 50.67 | McKeon #2 | 30 October 2021 | Kazan | |||
| 12 | 50.73 | Douglass #3 | 12 December 2024 | Budapest | |||
| 13 | 50.77 | Sjöström #2 | 3 August 2017 | Moscow | |||
| 13 | 50.77 | McKeon #3 | 15 December 2022 | Melbourne | |||
| 8 | 15 | 50.79 | Siobhán Haughey | 4 December 2021 | Eindhoven | ||
| 16 | 50.82 | Douglass #4 | 2 November 2024 | Singapore | |||
| 9 | 16 | 50.82 | Mollie O'Callaghan | 25 October 2025 | Toronto | ||
| 18 | 50.83 | Douglass #5 | 12 October 2025 | Carmel | |||
| 19 | 50.85 | Campbell #2 | 18 November 2017 | Singapore | |||
| 20 | 50.87 | Haughey #2 | 15 December 2022 | Melbourne | |||
| 21 | 50.91 | Campbell #3 | 28 November 2015 | Sydney | |||
| 22 | 50.94 | Haughey #3 | 21 November 2020 | Budapest | |||
| 10 | 23 | 50.95 | Ranomi Kromowidjojo | 15 December 2017 | Copenhagen | ||
| 23 | 50.95 | Douglass #6 | 10 December 2024 | Budapest | |||
| 25 | 50.96 | McKeon #4 | 3 October 2021 | Berlin | |||
| 11 | 51.01 | Libby Trickett | 11 August 2009 | Hobart | |||
| 12 | 51.19 | Fran Halsall | 22 November 2009 | Singapore | |||
| 13 | 51.26 | Abbey Weitzeil | 10 November 2020 | Budapest | |||
| 13 | 51.26 | Sara Curtis | 6 December 2025 | Lublin | |||
| 15 | 51.29 | Femke Heemskerk | 17 November 2018 | Singapore | |||
| 16 | 51.35 | Inge Dekker | 11 December 2009 | Istanbul | |||
| 17 | 51.40 | Madison Wilson | 25 August 2022 | Sydney | |||
| 18 | 51.43 | Freya Anderson | 31 October 2020 | Budapest | |||
| 18 | 51.43 | Freya Anderson | 15 November 2020 | Budapest | |||
| 18 | 51.43 | Freya Anderson | 21 November 2020 | Budapest | |||
| 18 | 51.43 | Freya Anderson | 22 November 2020 | Budapest | |||
| 19 | 51.44 | Katarzyna Wasick | 17 September 2021 | Naples | |||
| 20 | 51.45 | Kayla Sanchez | 14 December 2018 | Sheffield | |||
| 20 | 51.45 | Marie Wattel | 12 December 2019 | Angers | |||
| 22 | 51.47 | Michelle Coleman | 17 November 2019 | Eskilstuna | |||
| 23 | 51.48 | Eva Okaro | 5 December 2025 | Lublin | |||
| 24 | 51.58 | Jeanette Ottesen | 9 October 2016 | Doha | |||
| 25 | 51.62 | Rikako Ikee | 14 January 2018 | Tokyo | |||
| 25 | 51.62 | Daria Klepikova | 12 December 2024 | Budapest |