International Paralympic Committee


The International Paralympic Committee is an international non-profit organisation and the global governing body for the Paralympic Movement.
The IPC leads the Paralympic Movement, oversees the delivery of the Paralympic Games and supports its 200 plus member organisations to enable Para athletes to achieve sporting excellence. Founded on 22 September 1989 in Düsseldorf, then part of West Germany, its vision is to "make for an inclusive world through Para sport". Furthermore, the IPC aims to use Para sport as a catalyst to changing attitudes and legislation, creating greater opportunities for the world’s 1.3 billion persons with disabilities.
The IPC has a democratic constitution and structure and is composed of representatives from 185 National Paralympic Committees, 18 International Federations, three International Organizations of Sport for the Disabled and five regional organizations. The IPC's headquarters is located in Bonn, Germany.

Overview

On the basis of being able to organize the Paralympic Games more efficiently and to give the Paralympic Movement one voice, the four international organizations of sports for disabled people founded the International Co-ordination Committee of World Sports Organizations for the Disabled in 1982. In the upcoming years, other organizations joined and the need for a democratically guided organization emerged, as demanded by the nations participating in the Paralympic Movement. They desired a democratic structure, to improve national and regional representation, which led to the foundation of the IPC as it is known today. The 1994 Paralympic Winter Games, in Norway, were the first to be organized by the IPC.
With its 208 member organisations, the IPC functions as an umbrella organization, in contrast to other international sports organizations for athletes with a disability, which are predominantly limited to a single sport or disability.
A 14-member Governing Board is responsible for the governance of the IPC between meetings of the General Assembly. Robert D. Steadward became the first President in 1989. Since 2017, Andrew Parsons is President of the IPC.

Presidents

The International Paralympic Committee has had three presidents to date. Its founding president, who presided over it from 1989 to 2001, was the Canadian Robert Steadward, who had previously founded the Canadian Sports Fund for the Physically Disabled. He was succeeded in 2001 by Philip Craven, a British Paralympian and former President of the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation, who served as president until 2017. Craven was succeeded by Brazil's Andrew Parsons, who was IPC Vice President from 2013 to 2017 and a former President of the Brazilian Paralympic Committee.

Governing Board

The IPC Governing Board consists of 14 members, of which 12 are elected at the General Assembly, including the President and Vice President. The most recent election for the Governing Board was held on 12 December 2021:
The IPC Athletes' Council Chairperson, Vladyslava Kravchenko, and IPC Athletes' Council First Vice Chairperson, Josh Dueck, also have voting rights on the board.

History

Chronology of milestones in the development of the International Paralympic Committee and the Summer and Winter Paralympics.
YearEvent
1944Dr Ludwig Guttmann established the Spinal Injuries Centre at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital.
1948On 29 July, the day of the Opening Ceremony of the London 1948 Olympic Games, Dr Ludwig Guttmann organised the first competition for wheelchair athletes which he named the Stoke Mandeville Games, a milestone in Paralympics history. They involved 16 injured servicemen and women who took part in archery
1952Dutch ex-servicemen travelled to England to compete against British athletes and this led to the establishment of the International Stoke Mandeville Games.
1955International Committee of Sports for the Deaf officially recognized by the International Olympic Committee.
196018–25 September – Rome Summer Paralympics – 400 athletes from 23 countries; 57 events in 8 sports. These Games became known as the 1st Summer Paralympic Games and were the 9th International Stoke Mandeville Games. The Games followed the Rome Olympics and used same venues.
1960International Stoke Mandeville Games Committee established.
1962International Sports Organisation for the Disabled was established to assist visually impaired, amputees, persons with cerebral palsy and paraplegics who were not eligible to compete at the International Stoke Mandeville Games.
19643–12 November – Tokyo Summer Paralympics – 375 athletes from 21 countries; 144 events in 9 sports. Weightlifting added to the program. Opening ceremony held in front of 5,000 spectators.
19684–13 November – Tel Aviv Summer Paralympics – 750 athletes from 29 countries; 181 events in 10 sports. New sports included lawn bowls, women's basketball and Men's 100m wheelchair race.
19722–11 August – Heidelberg Summer Paralympics – 984 athletes from 43 countries; 1987 events in 10 sports. Events for quadriplegic added to program for the first time. Demonstration events for visually impaired athletes. Heidelberg was used as the Olympic Village in Munich was unavailable as it was converted into private apartments.
19763–11 August – Toronto Summer Paralympics – 1657 athletes from 38 countries; 447 events in 13 sports. Amputee and vision impaired athletes competed for the first time. goalball, shooting and standing volleyball added to program. Specialized racing wheelchairs used for the first time.
197621–28 February – Örnsköldsvik Winter Paralympics – 198 athletes from 16 countries; 53 events in 2 sports. First Winter Paralympics. Games demonstrated innovations in ski equipment design with 'three-track skiing' using crutches. Demonstration event was sledge racing.
1976UNESCO Conference established the right for people with a disability to participate in sport and physical education.
198021–30 June – Arnhem Summer Paralympics – 1973 athletes from 42 countries; 489 events in 12 sports. Sitting volleyball added to the program. Moscow declined to host the Games. Cerebral palsy athletes compete for the first time. There were 12,000 spectators at the opening ceremony.
19801–7 February – Geilo Winter Paralympics – 350 athletes from 18 countries; 63 events in 2 sports. Amputee, visual impairment and les autres compete for the first time at a Winter Games.
1982International Co-ordination Committee of World Sports Organisations for the Disabled was established by the International Olympic Committee due to the need for a single governing body to look after disability sport
198417–30 June / 22 July – 1 August – Stoke Mandeville/New York Summer Paralympics – 1100 athletes from 41 countries and 1,800 from 45 countries ; 903 events in 18 sports. New York Games were held at the Hofstra University and events were held for amputees, les austres, cerebral palsy and vision impaired athletes. Stoke Mandeville Games were for athletes with a spinal cord disability. It was decided that future Games should be held in one city. boccia, road cycling and football 7-a-side added to program.
198414–20 January – Innsbruck Winter Paralympics – 457 athletes from 21 countries; 107 events in 3 sports. Cerebral palsy athletes compete for the first time.
19841984 Los Angeles Olympics included Men's 1500m and Women's 800m wheelchair races as demonstration events.
1984The term Paralympic Games approved by the IOC. It was used in the lead up to the 1988 Seoul Paralympics.
198818–24 October – Seoul Summer Paralympics – 3057 athletes from 61 countries; 732 events in 16 sports. The Games utilized Olympic facilities. For the first time short stature athletes competed in the les autres category. Judo was added to the program and Wheelchair tennis was a demonstration sport.
198817–24 January – Innsbruck Winter Paralympics – 397 athletes from 22 countries; 96 events in 4 sports. Sit ski events introduced in the sports of alpine and Nordic skiing.
1989On 22 September, International Paralympic Committee replaced the ICC as the governing body of the Paralympic movement with Canadian Robert Steadward as its inaugural President.
1990ISMFG changed its name to International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation.
1990IPC agreement with the ICC so that it remained responsible for the Paralympic Games until after the 1992 Barcelona Paralympic Games.
19923–14 September – Barcelona Summer Paralympics – 3001 athletes from 33 countries: 431 events in 16 sports Wheelchair tennis was a medal sport for the first time. IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch attended and endorsed the Games. Inaugural Paralympics for Persons with an Intellectual Disability held in Madrid, Spain immediately after the Games. Final Games organized by ICC.
199225 March – 1 April – Tignes/Albertville Winter Paralympics – 475 athletes from 24 countries; 78 events in 3 sports. Biathlon added to the program. Demonstration events held for athletes with an intellectual disability in alpine and cross country skiing. First Winter Games to share Olympic venues.
1992The Mind, Body and Spirit logo adopted by IPC and used until 2003.
1993IPC established a Sport Science Committee.
199410–19 March – Lillehammer Winter Paralympics – 492 athletes from 31 countries; 133 events in 5 sports. First Winter Games held under IPC control and Games aligned to revised Winter Olympic Games four-year schedule. Ice sledge hockey added to the program.
1995International Committee of Sports for the Deaf withdraws from the IPC.
199616–25 August – Atlanta Summer Paralympics – 3259 athletes from 104 countries; 508 events in 20 sports. Athletes with an intellectual disability included for the first time at a Summer Games. equestrian and track cycling discipline added to the program and sailing was a demonstration sport. IPC officially hosted the Games for the first time and assumed responsibility for future Games. First Games to attract worldwide sponsorship. 12,000 volunteers assisted with the operation of the Games.
19985–14 March – Nagano Winter Paralympics – 571 athletes from 32 countries; 122 events in 4 sports. Athletes with an intellectual disability included for the first time at a Winter Games. With the internet in its infancy, the official website recorded 7.7 million hits during the Games.
1999IPC moved into what remains its current Headquarters in Bonn, Germany. IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch attended opening.
1999INAS-FMH changed its name to International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disability.
200018–29 October – Sydney Summer Paralympics – 3,881 athletes from 122 countries; 551 events in 20 sports. First Games held in the Southern Hemisphere. Women's events were included in the powerlifting program and wheelchair rugby and sailing were medal sports for the first time. IOC signed a co-operation agreement with IPC to strengthen their relationship. Games had comprehensive international television coverage for the first time. Over 340,000 school children attended and were given an insight into Paralympic sport.
2001Robert Steadward was succeeded by the former British Paralympian Sir Philip Craven after serving three terms as president.
2001On 19 June, IPC and IOC signed an agreement that ensured the practice of "one bid, one city", meaning the same city will host both the Olympic and Paralympic Games.
2001IPC General Assembly suspended athletes with an intellectual disability from the Paralympic Games due to 69% of athletes who won medals in intellectual disability events at the Sydney Games not having the correct ID verification.
20027–16 March – Salt Lake City Winter Paralympics – 416 athletes from 36 countries; 92 events in 5 sports. Worldwide television coverage was secured by the organizers, and there was high demand for tickets.
2003Sir Philip Craven, IPC President elected as a new IOC member at the 115th IOC Session in Prague, Czech Republic.
2003IPC Governing Board approved the development of a Universal Classification Code.
2003New Spirit in motion logo adopted by IPC.
2003IPC signs the World Anti-Doping Code and revised its Anti-Doping Code to comply with the World Anti-Doping Code.
200417–28 September – Athens Summer Paralympics – 3808 athletes from 135 countries; 517 events in 19 sports. 5-a-side football added to the program. A cumulated global TV audience of 1.8 billion watch the Athens 2004 Paralympic Games. Over 3000 journalists covered the Games.
2004International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation established with the merger of ISMWSF and ISOD.
2005Paralympic Awards are presented for the first time.
200610–19 March – Torino Winter Paralympics – 477 athletes from 39 countries; 58 events in 5 sports.A New Classification System for Winter Sports was used for the first time. Wheelchair curling made its Games debut. IPC launched ParalympicSport.TV, an online TV channel, during the Games and it attracted nearly 40,000 unique viewers from 105 nations.
2006IPC's revenue exceeded EUR 5 million for the first time.
2007A newIPC Classification Code and International Standards approved at IPC General Assembly meeting held in November.
20086–17 September – Beijing Summer Paralympics – 3,951 from 146 countries; 472 events in 20 sports. Rowing was added to the program. 3.8 billion people throughout the world viewed the Games on television and streaming. and 3.4 million spectators attended the Games.
2009IPC General Assembly reinstated athletes with an intellectual disability into the Paralympic Games.
2009IPC Position Stand – Background and Scientific Principles of Classification in Paralympic Sport passed by IPC Sports Science Committee, Classification Committee and Governing Board in June.
201012–21 March – Vancouver Winter Paralympics – 502 athletes from 44 countries; 64 events in 5 sports. 230,000 ticket sales, a record for the Games.
201229 August – 9 September – London Summer Paralympics – 4,237 athletes from 164 countries; 503 events in 20 sports. Athletes with an intellectual disability return to the Games by competing in athletics, swimming and table tennis.
2012IPC and IOC signed a new co-operation agreement which increased IOC financial support and guaranteed the Paralympics will be staged in the same city and venues as the Olympics until 2020.
2012IPC's revenue exceeded EUR 10 million for the first time.
2012IPC launched the Agitos Foundation.
20147–16 March – Sochi Winter Paralympics – 541 athletes from 45 countries; 72 events in 6 sports. 316,200 tickets were sold, the most ever for Paralympic Winter Games. Para snowboard added to the program. 316,200 ticket sales, surpassing the record from Vancouver Games.
20167–18 September – Rio de Janeiro Summer Paralympics. The first games in Latin America and South America Para canoe and Para triathlon added to the program.
30 November – IPC officially rebrands the 10 sports for which it serves as the international federation with the "World Para" mark. At the same time, IPC changes the names of three of these 10 sports:
  • Paralympic shooting becomes "shooting Para sport".
  • Sledge hockey becomes "Para ice hockey".
  • Wheelchair dance sport becomes "Para dance sport".
2017Philip Craven was succeeded by the Brazilian Andrew Parsons as IPC President after serving four terms.
20189–18 March – PyeongChang Winter Paralympics – 569 athletes from 49 countries; 80 events in 6 sports, Snowboarding has been expanded into a separate discipline for 2018, with 10 medal events. IOC and IPC, signed an agreement that renewed the partnership between the two institutions by Brisbane 2032.