World Chess Championship 1890–1891
The third World Chess Championship was held in New York City from 9 December 1890 to 22 January 1891. Holder Wilhelm Steinitz narrowly defeated his Hungarian challenger, Isidor Gunsberg.
Despite coming in 3rd place in the American Chess Congress's tournament held in 1889, the tied first-place finishers Mikhail Chigorin and Max Weiss refused to challenge the title. Steinitz accepted Gunsberg's challenge in 1890, and they played in New York. Though Steinitz won their second game, by game 5 Gunsberg had taken the lead. Gunsberg managed to be just one game behind Steinitz after winning Games 12 and 16, but Steinitz strengthened his lead by winning game 18, and then drew Game 19 to win 10.5 to 8.5 points. Gunsberg favoured the Evans Gambit with the white pieces, and held his own, ended up winning 4 games against Steinitz, who would continue to hold the title of World Champion until his 1894 match against Emanuel Lasker.
Gunsberg is agreed to have reached the peak of his chess career in the years leading up to the World Championship, following which his wife Jane died of tuberculosis, and though he continued to give lectures and write about chess, his skill level sharply dropped off.
Background
In 1887 the American Chess Congress started work on drawing up regulations for the future conduct of world championship contests. Steinitz actively supported this endeavor, as he thought he was becoming too old to remain world champion – he wrote in his own magazine "I know I am not fit to be the champion, and I am not likely to bear that title for ever".The American Chess Congress's final proposal was that the winner of a tournament to be held in New York in 1889 should be regarded as world champion for the time being, but must be prepared to face a challenge from the second or third placed competitor within a month. Steinitz wrote that he would not play in the tournament and would not challenge the winner unless the second and third placed competitors failed to do so. The tournament was duly played to select Steinitz's challenger for the world championship, but the outcome was not quite as planned: Mikhail Chigorin and Max Weiss tied for first place; their play-off resulted in four draws, though neither player wished to challenge for the world champion title - Weiss then wanted to get back to his work for the Rothschild Bank, conceding the title to Chigorin, who in turn had played and lost to Steinitz in the world championship the previous year.
However, the third prize-winner Isidor Gunsberg was prepared to play for the title. He practiced before the match by organising a first-to-10 match against Chigorin, a precursor to the modern Candidates Tournament. He issued his challenge to Steinitz following the match, which ended with 11.5 points each.
| Player | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | Wins |
 Isidor Gunsberg|Austria-Hungary|transleithaniaResultsThe winner would be first to 10 wins, or most wins after 20 games. A draw would be declared if the score reached 9 wins each.GamesGame 1: Steinitz–Gunsberg, ½–½Steinitz introduced what was at the time a novelty, with 4.f3, which he would go on to play against Emanuel Lasker in the 1894 world chess championship. Though the opening was fairly even, Steinitz missed a chance to capitalise on a potential lead on the 11th move. He could've played 11.Nd3, winning a tempo on the black rook. At this point, the game was adjourned until 7 o'clock, and shortly after regrouping Steinitz offered a draw, which was accepted by Gunsberg.Game 2: Gunsberg–Steinitz, 0–1Steinitz led out of the opening, especially after Gunsberg made a positional error with 14.c4?!, and had a commanding advantage after 17.. Bg5 18.g3??, where Gunsberg failed to spot a pin tactic, and went down the exchange, after 18.. Nc3.Game 3: Steinitz–Gunsberg, ½–½Game 4: Gunsberg–Steinitz, 1–0Game 5: Steinitz–Gunsberg, 0–1Game 6: Gunsberg–Steinitz, 0–1During this game, Gunsberg ran out of time, though Steinitz refused to count it as a win, instead reaching a forced checkmate in 3 after 41.. Qh1+.Game 7: Steinitz–Gunsberg, 1–0Game 8: Gunsberg–Steinitz, ½–½Game 9: Steinitz–Gunsberg, ½–½Game 10: Gunsberg–Steinitz, 0–1Game 11: Steinitz–Gunsberg, ½–½Game 12: Gunsberg–Steinitz, 1–0Game 13: Steinitz–Gunsberg, 1–0Game 14: Gunsberg–Steinitz ½–½Game 15: Steinitz–Gunsberg, ½–½Game 16: Gunsberg–Steinitz, 1–0Game 17: Steinitz–Gunsberg, ½–½Game 18: Gunsberg–Steinitz, 0–1Game 19: Steinitz–Gunsberg, ½–½ |