William Giauque
William Francis Giauque was a Canadian-born American chemist and Nobel laureate. He was recognized in 1949, for his studies in the properties of matter, at temperatures close to absolute zero. He spent virtually all of his educational and professional career at the University of California, Berkeley.
Biography
William Francis Giauque was born in Niagara Falls, Ontario, on May 12, 1895.His father was an American citizen, and so William Francis Giauque was conferred American citizenship, despite being born in Canada,
In 1926, he proposed a method for observing temperatures considerably below 1 Kelvin. He developed a magnetic refrigeration device of his own design in order to achieve this outcome, getting closer to absolute zero than many scientists had thought possible. This trailblazing work, apart from proving one of the fundamental laws of nature led to stronger steel, better gasoline and more efficient processes in a range of industries.
Giauque was elected a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1936, a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1940, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1950.