Haverhill Line
The Haverhill Line is a branch of the MBTA Commuter Rail system, running north from downtown Boston, Massachusetts to Haverhill. The service operates on the Western Route of the former Boston and Maine Railroad, which extends north to Portland, Maine, though MBTA commuter rail service has not continued north of Massachusetts since 1967.
History
Early cutbacks
Until 1959, the Boston and Maine Railroad operated commuter service along its Western Route from Haverhill and Reading to Boston. In 1959 the section from Reading to Wilmington Junction became freight-only, and Haverhill commuter trains as well as intercity service from New Hampshire and Maine were rerouted over the Wildcat Branch and the lower Lowell Line. on the Wildcat Branch opened to replace on the mainline. The MBTA was formed in August 1964 to consolidate and fund Boston's transit system, including subsidies for suburban commuter service. In December 1964, the MBTA signed a contract to subsidize B&M commuter service within the MBTA funding district. The portion of the Western Route north of Reading was outside the district.On January 4, 1965, the B&M discontinued most interstate service. The only service north of Haverhill was a single Boston–Dover round trip. On January 18, 1965, the B&M discontinued almost all remaining intrastate service outside the MBTA district, including Boston–Haverhill service. This left only the Dover round trip serving the Western Route north of Reading. The Wakefield Junction stop on the Reading Line was discontinued at that time. The Dover trip was cut to Haverhill on June 30, 1967, with the municipalities outside the district subsidizing the train. The Salem Street stop was discontinued.
In September 1973, the MBTA purchased the Western Route between Somerville and Wilmington Junction, with the intent to replace all Reading Line service with the Haymarket North Extension of the rapid transit Orange Line. However, local opposition to the extension - largely in Melrose, where rapid transit conversion would have required the elimination of grade crossings, possibly blocking important east-west local roads - and funding issues meant that the Orange Line only reached. A single track was retained for Reading Line service to Melrose, Wakefield, and Reading. Pearl Street station in Malden closed on December 27, 1975 concurrent with the opening of the Orange Line's station; a commuter platform at Malden Center - the first high-level platform on the commuter system - opened on May 1, 1977 but closed again in September 1979.
In November 1974, North Andover and Andover declined to renew their subsidies. Service to North Andover station ended on November 15. Days before, Andover commuters and businesses raised funds to continue service until April 1975. On April 7, 1975, town residents voted "overwhelmingly" to reimburse the commuters and subsidize service for an additional year. The town declined to subsidize further service, and the three Andover stops were dropped effective April 2, 1976. The round trip, by then stopping just at, and, last ran on June 30, 1976. The MBTA bought all B&M commuter equipment and lines on December 27, 1976, including the Western Route from Wilmington Junction to the New Hampshire border.
Restoration
After the passenger cutbacks, the upper Western Route remained in use by freight. Planning began in 1978 for restoration of Haverhill service using the Merrimack Valley Regional Transit Authority as a funding intermediary. Weekday service was restored to Haverhill via Reading on December 17, 1979. Station stops resumed at North Wilmington, Ballardvale, Andover, Shawsheen, Lawrence, Bradford, and Haverhill, but not North Andover. Weekend service to Haverhill began on April 27, 1980, while Shawsheen station was closed. A small amount of Haverhill service was rerouted over the Wildcat Branch beginning in May 1981, skipping North Wilmington.On January 20, 1984, a fire destroyed the wooden trestles approaching the Charles River Bridge. Haverhill/Reading Line trains ran to the normally-unused platform at Oak Grove for transfer to the Orange Line during the disruption. Oak Grove was discontinued as a regular stop when North Station and the drawbridges reopened on April 20, 1985, but the platform at Malden Center was permanently reopened for transfer purposes. The switch may have been made due to a request by John A. Brennan Jr., who was then constructing a large development near Malden Center station.
A 1990–1991 project rebuilt the Medford Branch overpass north of Wellington to allow newer F40PH locomotives on the line. Daily ridership on the line increased from 2,955 in 1991 to 4,970 in 2001. On December 14, 2001, Amtrak's Downeaster service began operating from Boston to Portland, Maine. The Downeaster runs via the lower Lowell Line and the Wildcat Branch then the Western Route, with a stop at Haverhill. On December 5, 2005, the new McGovern Transportation Center replaced the old Lawrence station.
2010s improvement projects
Double tracking
Due to the Reading line being single-tracked along the Orange Line corridor in the 1970s, and most double track removed north of Wilmington after the 1976 discontinuation, the Haverhill Line has the most single track on the MBTA system. In early 2009, the MBTA began planning the addition of double track between Reading and Ballardvale that summer. Those plans fell through, but later that year the MBTA was awarded $51.5 million of stimulus funding for a variety of projects, including $10.2 million for the addition of double track from one mile north of Ballardvale to Andover Street in Lawrence, as well as $7.2 million for signal upgrades. The double tracking will increase capacity on the section of the line shared with freight service, increasing reliability and allowing for possible travel time decreases for the Downeaster. The second track was not extended through Ballardvale station due to limited space for a second platform, but Andover station was to receive a second platform and possibly additional parking following the removal of a town vehicle yard.Work started in April 2010; a groundbreaking was held in May 2010 with completion then estimated for February 2012. Due to funding issues and construction delays, the work was not finished in 2012. By late 2013, a stone wall at Andover station had been replaced, along with a century-old culvert, as part of drainage improvements. Construction of the track and crossovers was partially complete; the signal system was largely finished. After more delays, the project was completed around 2017. However, second platforms were not built at Andover and Ballardvale, limiting the usefulness of the second track for the MBTA. Instead, Pan Am Railways often uses the second track in Andover to idle freight trains.
In 2011, the Northern New England Passenger Rail Authority won a $20.8 million federal grant to add additional double track from Wilmington Junction to just south of Ballardvale station. This second section of double track is largely for use by Downeaster trains but may benefit MBTA trains using the Wildcat Branch as well. The $26.0 million project included 14,100 feet of new double main, rebuilt interlockings at Wilmington Junction and Lowell Junction, a maintenance-of-way siding at Wilmington Junction, preparing three grade crossings on the Wildcat Branch for future double tracking, and replacement of 5 miles of old track between Lawrence and Bradford. Work began in 2012 and was completed around 2017.
Bridges
Several bridges on the line were in poor condition, including the twelve-span, -long bridge over the Merrimack River between Bradford and Haverhill. A single-track covered bridge was built in 1839, and was replaced with a two-track steel truss bridge on the same piers in 1881. In 1904–05, the bridge was raised at the south end and at the north end as part of a grade crossing elimination project. A temporary one-track wooden trestle was constructed to the west of the bridge; the truss spans were jacked up at a time while the masonry piers were built up under them. The truss spans were replaced in 1919, again reusing the piers; the northern approach over Washington Street was replaced in 1928. In 2008, the MBTA began a $3 million project to repair the bridge. However, traffic on the bridge was still under heavy speed restrictions, with one freight train at or two passenger trains at allowed.In 2010, the state applied for $110.8 million in federal funding to replace the bridge, but the request was denied in May 2011. In December 2011, the state received $10 million in TIGER stimulus funds to aid in rehabilitation of the bridge, then to cost $43 million. Passenger train speeds would be increased to, while freight speeds will be increased to and maximum car loading increased to the standard. The MBTA awarded a $23.9 million contract for the first phase in early 2014, with construction expected to last from April 2014 to April 2017. By 2014, the total cost was expected to reach $100 million. Some off-peak trains were substituted with buses during the repairs, and service was suspended on six weekends between September 2014 and November 2016. The second phase of bridge reconstruction - repairs to the piers - lasted from 2016 to 2019. Additional scour protection work was completed in 2021.
Repairs were also made to two smaller arch bridges over the Shawsheen River in Andover, both dating to the line's opening in 1839. The historic bridges were no longer able to support modern train loads; instead, fill was removed from the arch and modern flat steel bridges placed inside them. The steel bridges carry the train loads so that the stone arches need merely support their own weight. The $10.9 million project began in September 2012, with substantial completion in September 2013 and full completion a year later.