New Zealand geologic time scale

While also using the international geologic time scale, many nations–especially those with isolated and therefore non-standard prehistories–use their own systems of dividing geologic time into epochs and faunal stages.
In New Zealand, these epochs and stages use local place names back to the Permian. Prior to this time, names mostly align to those in the Australian geologic time scale, and are not divided into epochs. In practice, these earlier terms are rarely used, as most New Zealand geology is of a more recent origin. In all cases, New Zealand uses the same periods as those used internationally; the renaming only applies to subdivisions of these periods. Very few epochs and stages cross international period boundaries, and the exceptions are almost all within the Cenozoic Era. New Zealand updates will always be behind any significant international updates in the International Geological Time Scale.
Although the New Zealand geologic time scale has not been formally adopted, it has been widely used by earth scientists, geologists and palaeontologists in New Zealand since J. S. Crampton proposed it in 1995. The most recent calibrated update was in 2015.
A standard abbreviation is used for these epochs and stages. These are usually in the form Xx, where the first letter is the initial letter of the epoch and the second letter is the initial letter of the stage. These are noted beside the stage names in the list below.
Currently, from the New Zealand perspective we are in the Haweran stage of the Wanganui epoch which is within the internationally defined Holocene epoch of the Quaternary period of the Cenozoic era. The Haweran, which started some 340,000 years ago, is named after the North Island town of Hāwera. The New Zealand stages and epochs are not the same as internationally defined periods and epochs.

List of New Zealand geologic time epochs and stages

Times given indicate the start of the respective stages and epochs. Several of these stages are further divided into upper and lower or upper, middle, and lower, although this has not been noted below unless unique names have been given to these sub-stages. As with the international geologic scale, these epochs and stages are largely named for locales where rock dating from these time periods is in evidence, with stage names predominantly but not always named for locales close to their epoch's namesake site. Where known, these places are also linked in the list below.

Cenozoic Era

Mesozoic Era

[Cretaceous] Period

[Jurassic] Period

[Triassic] Period

Palaeozoic Era

[Permian] Period

[Carboniferous] Period

[Devonian] Period

Stages prior to the beginning of the Carboniferous Period use either international or Australian geologic stage names; very little New Zealand rock is known from these geologic periods.

Name	Abbreviation	Start date
Upper or Late Devonian epoch	JU	382.7
Famennian stage	Jfa	372.2
Frasnian stage	Jfr	382.7
Middle or Mid Devonian epoch	JM	293.3
Givetian stage	Jgi	387.7
Eifelian stage	Jei	393.3
Lower or Early Devonian epoch	JL	419.2
Emsian stage	Jem	407.6
Pragian stage	Jpr	410.8
Lochkovian stage	Jlo	419.2