Volvarina


Volvarina is a genus of small to very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Marginellidae, also known as the margin shells.

Taxonomy

The difference between the genera Volvarina and Prunum is not clearly delineated and is based on morphological differences in the shells. Larger species with a strong callus are classified under Prunum, while the slender species with a thin callus are classified under Volvarina. Many species with characteristics that fall between the two extremes are ambiguous. Until at least 2010 there was no phylogenetic analysis to substantiate this classification. Volvarina is paraphyletic in relation to Prunum and Hyalina. Their status remains uncertain.

Description

The smooth or glossy shells are very small, with a conical or cylindrical shape. The spire is usually low or sometimes slightly elevated. The anal sinus is absent. The outer lip is smooth or slightly incrassate. The inner lip shows three of four plaits; some species show a weaker fifth or sixth fold. They occupy about half the length of the aperture.

Distribution

The genus is cosmopolitan with most species in warm and temperate seas.

Species

Species within the genus Volvarina include:
  • Volvarina abbreviata
  • Volvarina abdieli Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina adela
  • Volvarina adrianadiae Cossignani, 2006
  • Volvarina aethrae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina affinis
  • Volvarina agata
  • Volvarina agatha
  • Volvarina aglae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina aladunniae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina alamarensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina alayoi Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina alayoni Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina albescens
  • Volvarina albolineata, white-line marginella
  • Volvarina alcoladoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998
  • Volvarina aldeynzeri Cossignani, 2005
  • Volvarina alejandroi Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009
  • Volvarina algazaliae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina aliceae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina alloginella Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
  • Volvarina ameliensis
  • Volvarina ampelusica Monterosato, 1906
  • Volvarina amphitrite Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina anamariae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina anao Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina andyi Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina angelae Espinosa, Soto & Ortea, 2022
  • Volvarina angolensis
  • Volvarina angustata
  • Volvarina anjatheilae T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2018
  • Volvarina arabica Boyer, 2015
  • Volvarina ardovinii Cossignani, 1997
  • Volvarina ariadnae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina armonica Cossignani, 1997
  • Volvarina arrecifensis Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2013
  • Volvarina artemisae Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina artilesi Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2014
  • Volvarina atabey Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009
  • Volvarina attenuata
  • Volvarina augerea Laseron, 1957
  • Volvarina avena, orange-band marginella
  • Volvarina avenella
  • Volvarina avesensis Caballer, Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina bacona Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2012
  • Volvarina baenai Espinosa & Ortea, 2003
  • Volvarina banesensis Espinosa & Ortea, 1999
  • Volvarina barbierorum T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020
  • Volvarina barbosae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina barbuyae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina bavecchii Cossignani, 2006
  • Volvarina bayeri Gracia & Boyer, 2004
  • Volvarina bazini Jousseaume, 1875
  • Volvarina beatrix T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
  • Volvarina bellamatancera Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • † Volvarina berauensis
  • Volvarina bernardoi Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina bessei Boyer, 2001
  • Volvarina betyae Espinosa & Ortea, 1998
  • Volvarina bevdeynzerae Cossignani, 2005
  • Volvarina beyerleana
  • Volvarina bifurcata Boyer, 2015
  • Volvarina borinquensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina borroi
  • Volvarina boucheti Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina bouhamedae Ortea, 2014
  • † Volvarina bouryi
  • Volvarina boyeri Moreno & Burnay, 1999
  • Volvarina brasiliana Boyer, 2000
  • Volvarina bravoae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina brucebrandti T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
  • Volvarina brunoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina buenavistaensis Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
  • Volvarina bullula
  • Volvarina caballeri Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina cachoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1997
  • Volvarina calliopeae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina callypsoe Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina candida T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
  • Volvarina caonabae Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
  • Volvarina caprina Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina caprottii T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
  • Volvarina caribetica Espinosa, Ortea & Magaña, 2018
  • Volvarina carmelae Espinosa & Ortea, 1998
  • Volvarina casiguaya Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina ceciliae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999
  • Volvarina cernita
  • Volvarina charbarensis
  • Volvarina charretonae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina cienaguera Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
  • Volvarina cienfueguera Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina cingalica Boyer, 2015
  • Volvarina columba Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
  • Volvarina compressa
  • Volvarina confitesensis Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
  • Volvarina consalvoi T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020
  • Volvarina corallina
  • Volvarina cordyorum Cossignani, 2009
  • Volvarina corusca
  • Volvarina criolla Espinosa & Ortea, 2003
  • Volvarina cubana Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina curazaoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina cybelesae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • † Volvarina cylindracea
  • Volvarina dalli Wakefield & McCleery, 2005
  • Volvarina damasoi T. Cossignani, 2017
  • Volvarina danielleae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina davidi Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina dawnae Lussi & G. Smith, 1996
  • Volvarina dekkeri Boyer & Renda, 2021
  • Volvarina delanoisi T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2018
  • Volvarina deliciosa
  • † Volvarina deningeri
  • Volvarina denizi Espinosa, Ortea & Pérez-Dionis, 2014
  • Volvarina dennisi Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina dhofarensis Boyer, 2015
  • Volvarina diminuta Laseron, 1957
  • Volvarina dinisioi
  • Volvarina dirbergi Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina dorisae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina dozei
  • Volvarina dulcemariae Espinosa & Ortea, 1998
  • Volvarina dunkeri
  • Volvarina ealesae
  • Volvarina effulgens
  • Volvarina elgoyhenae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina elliptica
  • Volvarina elridiae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina elsayedae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina enrici Espinosa, J. Martin & Ortea, 2018
  • Volvarina enriquei Espinosa & Ortea, 1998
  • Volvarina eratoae Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina ericmonnieri T. Cossignani, 2018
  • Volvarina eumorpha
  • † Volvarina eurychilus
  • Volvarina evanida
  • Volvarina exilis
  • Volvarina falusiae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina fanabeensis Espinosa, Ortea & Pérez-Dionis, 2014
  • Volvarina farrantae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina fasciata Lussi & Smith, 1996
  • Volvarina fauna
  • Volvarina ficoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2003
  • Volvarina fifi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina flamenca Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
  • Volvarina florenceae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina floresensis Espinosa & Ortea, 1999
  • Volvarina fortunata Clover & Macca, 1990
  • Volvarina francescoi T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2018
  • Volvarina franciscae Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
  • Volvarina fraserorum T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020
  • Volvarina frazzinii Cossignani, 2006
  • Volvarina fugax Gofas & Fernandes, 1992
  • Volvarina fulgida
  • Volvarina gabriellae T. Cossignani, 2020
  • Volvarina gargalloae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina garycooverti Espinosa & Ortea, 1998
  • Volvarina gemma Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina gianmariacannarai T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
  • Volvarina ginae Espinosa & Ortea, 2003
  • Volvarina giraldilla Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • † Volvarina gouetensis Le Renard & van Nieulande, 1985
  • Volvarina gracilis
  • Volvarina granmaense Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2017
  • Volvarina grosi Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina guajira Espinosa & Ortea, 1998
  • Volvarina guamaense Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina guantanamera Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
  • Volvarina guribae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina habanera Espinosa & Ortea, 1997
  • Volvarina haswelli Laseron, 1948
  • Volvarina hedleyi
  • Volvarina helenae Espinosa & Ortea, 2003
  • Volvarina hemingwayi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina hennequini Boyer, 2001
  • Volvarina heterozona Jousseaume, 1875
  • Volvarina hirasei
  • Volvarina holguinera Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina humboldtiana Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina hyalina
  • Volvarina ibarrae Espinosa & Ortea, 1998
  • † Volvarina incommoda Ludbrook, 1958
  • Volvarina indica Bozzetti, 2019
  • Volvarina infans Laseron, 1957
  • Volvarina ingloria
  • Volvarina ingolfi Bouchet & Waren, 1985
  • Volvarina innexa Roth, 1978
  • Volvarina insulana Gofas & Fernandes, 1988
  • Volvarina ireneae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina irisae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina isabelae
  • Volvarina ivic Caballer, Espinosa & Ortea, 2009
  • Volvarina ixchelae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina jaguanensis Espinosa & Ortea, 1998
  • Volvarina janneefsi Bozzetti, 1997
  • Volvarina jibara Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2017
  • Volvarina jimcordyi Cossignani, 2007
  • Volvarina jordani Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2014
  • Volvarina josieae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina joubini
  • Volvarina juancarlosi Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina juangarciai Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina juanitae Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2013
  • Volvarina juanjoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998
  • Volvarina judymontae T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2018
  • Volvarina juraguaense Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina keppelensis Laseron, 1957
  • Volvarina kharafiae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina kidwelli Lussi & Smith, 1996
  • Volvarina kilwaensis Boyer, 2015
  • Volvarina koillerae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina kratzschorum T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
  • Volvarina kyprisae Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2013
  • Volvarina laciniatalabrum Lussi & Smith, 1996
  • Volvarina laetitia
  • Volvarina lakhdarae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina lamyi Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina larramendii Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina latortuga Caballer, Espinosa & Ortea, 2009
  • Volvarina laurauae Espinosa, Ortea, Fernandez-Garcés & Moro, 2007
  • Volvarina laureae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina laurenti Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina leopoldoi Espinosa, Ortea & Magaña, 2018
  • Volvarina lilianamariae Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina linae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999
  • Volvarina lineae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina lipparinii T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020
  • Volvarina lipparinorum T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
  • Volvarina lopezae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina lorenzoi Espinosa, Ortea & Pérez-Dionis, 2014
  • Volvarina luzmarina Espinosa, Ortea & Pérez-Dionis, 2014
  • Volvarina mabellae
  • Volvarina macaoi Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
  • † Volvarina macra Le Renard & van Nieulande, 1985
  • Volvarina maestratii Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina magnini Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina maisiana Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina mangilyana Bozzetti, 2018
  • Volvarina marcellii T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
  • Volvarina margitae T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
  • Volvarina mariaodeteae T. Cossignani, 2017
  • Volvarina martinae T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2021
  • Volvarina martinezae Espinosa, Soto & Ortea, 2022
  • Volvarina martini Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
  • Volvarina martinicaensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina matesi Espinosa, Ortea & Pérez-Dionis, 2014
  • Volvarina mauricetteae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina maya Espinosa & Ortea, 1998
  • Volvarina maydeli Espinosa & Ortea, 2022
  • Volvarina megapex Queiroz, Crabos, Pomponet & L. Passos, 2022
  • Volvarina meguidae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina mendoncae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina mexicana Jousseaume, 1875
  • Volvarina micans
  • Volvarina micros Bavay, 1922
  • Volvarina milanesi Espinosa, Ortea & Pina-Amargós, 2022
  • Volvarina miniginella Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
  • Volvarina mitrella
  • Volvarina mizrahiae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina monchoi Caballer, Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina monicae Díaz, Espinosa & Ortea, 1996
  • Volvarina monilis
  • Volvarina montenegroae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina mores Espinosa & Ortea, 2006
  • Volvarina morrocoyensis Caballer, Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina nautica Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina nealei Wakefield & McCleery, 2004
  • Volvarina nereidae Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina nibujona Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina nicasioi Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina nnekae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina noeli Espinosa & Ortea, 1998
  • Volvarina nuriae Moreno & Burnay, 1999
  • Volvarina nympha Espinosa & Ortea, 1998
  • Volvarina nyokongae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina nyssa Roth & Coan, 1971
  • † Volvarina oblongata
  • Volvarina obscura
  • Volvarina occidua
  • Volvarina occulta Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina oceanica Gofas, 1989
  • Volvarina ofeliae Cossignani, 1998
  • Volvarina ondina Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
  • Volvarina orozcoae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina osmani Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2008
  • Volvarina oteroi Espinosa, Ortea & Pérez-Dionis, 2014
  • Volvarina pacificotica Espinosa, Ortea & Magaña, 2018
  • Volvarina pallasae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina pallidula
  • Volvarina pandorae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina parviginella Espinosa & Ortea, 2006
  • Volvarina parvistriata Suter, 1908
  • Volvarina parvitica Espinosa, Ortea & Magaña, 2018
  • Volvarina patriciae Espinosa & Ortea, 2022
  • Volvarina pauli de Jong & Coomans, 1988
  • Volvarina paumotensis
  • Volvarina pedroelcojo Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina peimbertae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina penelope Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina pepefragai Espinosa & Ortea, 1997
  • Volvarina pergrandis Clover, 1974
  • Volvarina pericalles
  • Volvarina perrieri
  • Volvarina petitiana Boyer, 2018
  • Volvarina petricola Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
  • Volvarina philippinarum
  • Volvarina phorcusi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina pinero Espinosa, Soto & Ortea, 2022
  • Volvarina plicatula
  • Volvarina polini Fernández-Garcés, Espinosa & Ortea, 2019
  • Volvarina pontesi Rios & Leal 1993
  • Volvarina porcellana
  • Volvarina pseudophilippinarum Cossignani, 2008
  • Volvarina ptychasthena Gofas, 1989
  • Volvarina pulchralineata Lussi & Smith, 1996
  • Volvarina pupa
  • Volvarina rancholunense Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina reeveana Boyer, 2018
  • Volvarina remyi Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina renkerorum T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
  • Volvarina rex Laseron, 1957
  • Volvarina rhiannae Ortea, 2021
  • Volvarina riparia Gofas & Fernandes, 1992
  • Volvarina roberti
  • Volvarina rubella
  • Volvarina ryalli Boyer, 2006
  • Volvarina sabinalensis Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
  • Volvarina sanfelipensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina santacruzense Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2017
  • Volvarina santiagocubense Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina santiaguera Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2013
  • Volvarina saramagoi Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2013
  • Volvarina sauliae
  • Volvarina schmidlinorum T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
  • Volvarina sebastieni Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina serrei
  • Volvarina shlegeli Bozzetti, 2017
  • † Volvarina sibuzatiana Lozouet, 2019
  • Volvarina snyderi Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina socoae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999
  • Volvarina sofiae Ortea & Espinosa, 1998
  • Volvarina somalica Boyer, 2015
  • Volvarina somwangi Boyer, 2015
  • Volvarina southwicki
  • Volvarina sowerbyana
  • † Volvarina splendens
  • Volvarina splendida Cossignani, 2005
  • Volvarina styria
  • Volvarina subtriplicata – three-rib marginella
  • Volvarina swenneni Espinosa, Ortea & Pérez-Dionis, 2014
  • Volvarina sylviae T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2021
  • Volvarina taeniata
  • Volvarina taeniolata Mörch, 1860 – California marginella
  • Volvarina taina Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Volvarina tessae T. Cossignani, 2007
  • Volvarina tetamariae Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
  • Volvarina thaliae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina thomsonae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina tobyi Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015
  • Volvarina tollere Laseron, 1957
  • Volvarina toroensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina torresina Laseron, 1957
  • Volvarina tripartita Cossignani, 2006
  • Volvarina triplicatilla Espinosa & Ortea, 2006
  • † Volvarina tumulensis Lozouet, 1998
  • Volvarina tunicata Boyer, 2000
  • Volvarina umlaasensis Lussi & G. Smith, 1996
  • Volvarina unilineata
  • Volvarina utgei Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina varaderoensis Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
  • Volvarina vassardi Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina veintimilliae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina veraguasensis Wakefield & McCleery, 2005
  • Volvarina verreauxi
  • Volvarina vinosa Queiroz & Crabos, 2023
  • Volvarina virginieae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina vistamarina Espinosa & Ortea, 2002
  • Volvarina vittata Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
  • Volvarina vokesi de Jong & Coomans, 1988
  • Volvarina wareni Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina warrenii
  • Volvarina weissmannae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina xamaneki Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina yaeli Espinosa, J. Martin & Ortea, 2009
  • Volvarina yani Espinosa & Ortea, 2012
  • Volvarina yayaeli Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009
  • Volvarina yolandae Espinosa & Ortea, 2000
  • Volvarina yunkaxi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015
  • Volvarina zatzae Ortea, 2014
  • Volvarina zonata
  • * Volvarina zonata f. bilineata Krauss, 1848