Volvarina


Volvarina is a genus of small to very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Marginellidae, also known as the margin shells.

Taxonomy

The difference between the genera Volvarina and Prunum is not clearly delineated and is based on morphological differences in the shells. Larger species with a strong callus are classified under Prunum, while the slender species with a thin callus are classified under Volvarina. Many species with characteristics that fall between the two extremes are ambiguous. Until at least 2010 there was no phylogenetic analysis to substantiate this classification. Volvarina is paraphyletic in relation to Prunum and Hyalina. Their status remains uncertain.

Description

The smooth or glossy shells are very small, with a conical or cylindrical shape. The spire is usually low or sometimes slightly elevated. The anal sinus is absent. The outer lip is smooth or slightly incrassate. The inner lip shows three of four plaits; some species show a weaker fifth or sixth fold. They occupy about half the length of the aperture.

Distribution

The genus is cosmopolitan with most species in warm and temperate seas.

Species

Species within the genus Volvarina include:Volvarina abbreviata Volvarina abdieli Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015Volvarina adela Volvarina adrianadiae Cossignani, 2006Volvarina aethrae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015Volvarina affinis Volvarina agata Volvarina agatha Volvarina aglae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015Volvarina aladunniae Ortea, 2014Volvarina alamarensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2013Volvarina alayoi Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015Volvarina alayoni Espinosa & Ortea, 2015Volvarina albescens Volvarina albolineata, white-line marginellaVolvarina alcoladoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998Volvarina aldeynzeri Cossignani, 2005Volvarina alejandroi Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009Volvarina algazaliae Ortea, 2014Volvarina aliceae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012Volvarina alloginella Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011Volvarina ameliensis Volvarina ampelusica Monterosato, 1906Volvarina amphitrite Espinosa & Ortea, 2015Volvarina anamariae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015Volvarina anao Espinosa & Ortea, 2012Volvarina andyi Espinosa & Ortea, 2013Volvarina angelae Espinosa, Soto & Ortea, 2022Volvarina angolensis Volvarina angustata Volvarina anjatheilae T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2018Volvarina arabica Boyer, 2015Volvarina ardovinii Cossignani, 1997Volvarina ariadnae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015Volvarina armonica Cossignani, 1997Volvarina arrecifensis Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2013Volvarina artemisae Espinosa & Ortea, 2013Volvarina artilesi Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2014 Volvarina atabey Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009Volvarina attenuata Volvarina augerea Laseron, 1957Volvarina avena, orange-band marginellaVolvarina avenella Volvarina avesensis Caballer, Espinosa & Ortea, 2013Volvarina bacona Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2012Volvarina baenai Espinosa & Ortea, 2003Volvarina banesensis Espinosa & Ortea, 1999Volvarina barbierorum T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020Volvarina barbosae Ortea, 2014Volvarina barbuyae Ortea, 2014Volvarina bavecchii Cossignani, 2006Volvarina bayeri Gracia & Boyer, 2004Volvarina bazini Jousseaume, 1875Volvarina beatrix T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019Volvarina bellamatancera Espinosa & Ortea, 2015

Synonyms

Volvarina abbotti De Jong & Coomans, 1988: synonym of Plesiocystiscus abbotti Volvarina ambigua : synonym of Volvarina ampelusica Monterosato, 1906Volvarina amphorale : synonym of Prunum amphorale de Souza, 1992Volvarina amydrozona : synonym of Balanetta amydrozona Volvarina avenacea auct.: synonym of Prunum bellulum Volvarina bahiensis : synonym of Prunum bahiense Volvarina biannulata auct.: synonym of Volvarina bilineata Volvarina bibalteata Reeve, 1865: synonym of Volvarina gracilis Volvarina bilineata : synonym of Volvarina zonata f. bilineata Volvarina blezai Ortea, 2019: sybinym of Mirpurina blezai Volvarina bouvieri Jousseaume, 1877: synonym of Volvarina mediocincta Volvarina californica Tomlin, 1916: synonym of Volvarina taeniolata Mörch, 1860Volvarina canilla : synonym of Prunum canilla Volvarina capensis : synonym of Prunum capense Volvarina cessaci Jousseaume, 1881: synonym of Volvarina taeniata Volvarina cleo : synonym of Volvarina bilineata Volvarina columnaria : synonym of Hydroginella columnaria Volvarina curta Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Volvarina mitrella Volvarina cylindrica : synonym of Hyalina cylindrica Volvarina deformis G., H & Nevill, 1874: synonym of Demissa deformis Volvarina discors B. Roth, 1975: synonym of Hyalina discors Volvarina elongata Pease, 1868: synonym of Volvarina elliptica Volvarina emiliosoleri Ortea & Moro, 2019: synonym of Mirpurina emiliosoleri Volvarina fulva Bavay, 1913: synonym of Volvarina serrei Volvarina fusca : synonym of Volvarina exilis Volvarina fusiformis Reeve, 1865: synonym of Volvarina unilineata Volvarina guttula Reeve, 1865: synonym of Volvarina southwicki Volvarina hahni Mabille, 1884: synonym of Volvarina warrenii Volvarina illaqueo Ortea, Moro & Espinosa, 2019: synonym of Mirpurina illaqueo Volvarina inconspicua G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874: synonym of Volvarina nevilli Volvarina inepta : synonym of Hyalina discors Volvarina infans Reeve, 1865: synonym of Volvarina corusca Volvarina julia Thiele, 1925: synonym of Alaginella atracta Volvarina kribiensis T. Cossignani & Prelle, 2010: synonym of Prunum mariateresae T. Cossignani, 2009Volvarina lactea : synonym of Volvarina abbreviata Volvarina livida Reeve, 1865: synonym of Volvarina avena Volvarina lucida : synonym of Hyalina lucida
  • † Volvarina malakosi Muñiz Solís, 2002: synonym of † Dentimargo malakosi Volvarina maoriana : synonym of Serrata maoriana Volvarina mediocincta : synonym of Mirpurina mediocinta Volvarina meta Thiele, 1925: synonym of Alaginella atracta Volvarina mixta : synonym of Hydroginella mixta Volvarina modulata : synonym of Mesoginella modulata Volvarina morna Ortea, 2019: synonym of Mirpurina morna Volvarina mustelina : synonym of Serrata mustelina Volvarina nevilli : synonym of Demissa nevilli Volvarina nunoi Moro, Espinosa & Ortea, 2019: synonym of Mirpurina nunoi Volvarina nuriae Moreno & Burnay, 1999: synonym of Mirpurina nuriae Volvarina olivaeformis : synonym of Prunum olivaeforme Volvarina pallida : synonym of Hyalina pallida Volvarina parallela Dall, 1918: synonym of Volvarina taeniolata Mörch, 1860Volvarina parviginella Espinosa & Ortea, 2006: synonym of Marigordiella parviginella Volvarina parvula : synonym of Volvarina attenuata Volvarina patagonica Martens, 1881: synonym of Volvarina warrenii Volvarina paula Thiele, 1925: synonym of Alaginella atracta Volvarina paxillus : synonym of Volvarina attenuata Volvarina pellucida Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of Serrata mustelina Volvarina peregrina Gofas & Fernandes, 1992: synonym of Mirpurina peregrina Volvarina puella Gould, 1861: synonym of Prunum capense Volvarina quadriplicata Risso, 1826: synonym of Volvarina mitrella Volvarina quadripunctata : synonym of Volvarina taeniata Volvarina redfieldii : synonym of Prunum redfieldii Volvarina rubrifasciata Jousseaume, 1875: synonym of Serrata fasciata Volvarina rufescens Reeve, 1865: synonym of Volvarina exilis Volvarina serrata : synonym of Serrata serrata Volvarina simeri Jousseaume, 1875: synonym of Volvarina exilis Volvarina sordida : synonym of Serrata delessertiana Volvarina stanislas Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of Serrata mustelina Volvarina superstes : synonym of Hydroginella superstes Volvarina tenuilabra : synonym of Hyalina pallida Volvarina torticulum : synonym of Prunum torticulum Volvarina trailli : synonym of Cryptospira trailli Volvarina tribalteata Reeve, 1865: synonym of Volvarina exilis Volvarina tridentata : synonym of Hydroginella tridentata
  • † Volvarina vaquezi Cossmann, 1906: synonym of Volvarina cylindracea Volvarina veliei : synonym of Prunum succineum Volvarina verdensis : synonym of Mirpurina verdensis Volvarina vermiculata Jousseaume, 1875: synonym of Volvarina avena Volvarina vincentiana : synonym of Hydroginella vincentiana Volvarina volunta Laseron, 1957: synonym of ''Demissa volunta''