Duke of Newcastle


Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was a title that was created three times, once in the Peerage of England and twice in the Peerage of Great Britain. The first grant of the title was made in 1665 to William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne. He was a prominent Royalist commander during the Civil War.
The related title of Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne was created once in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was conferred in 1756 on Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, to provide a slightly more remote special remainder. The title became extinct in 1988, a year that saw the deaths of the distantly related ninth and tenth Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne.

Creations

First creation (1665)

, was a son of Charles Cavendish, himself the third son of Sir William Cavendish and his wife Bess of Hardwick. One of Charles Cavendish's elder brothers became the 1st Earl of Devonshire.
The first duke, William Cavendish, was the son of Charles Cavendish and his second wife Catherine Ogle, 8th Baroness Ogle, daughter of Cuthbert Ogle, 7th Baron Ogle. William Cavendish became Viscount Mansfield in 1620, and in 1621, he was created Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne and Baron Cavendish of Bolsover. He succeeded his mother as ninth Baron Ogle in 1629, and he became Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1643. He was elevated to the dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1665. He also was granted the title of Earl of Ogle as a subsidiary title for the dukedom, to be used as a courtesy title by his heir apparent. Upon his death in 1676, he was succeeded by his son, the second Duke, who was a politician. However, the second Duke's only son and heir apparent predeceased him. Therefore, upon the second Duke's death in 1691, all of these many titles became extinct, except the barony of Ogle, which fell into abeyance between the second duke's four daughters.

Second creation (1694)

The second Duke's third daughter, Lady Margaret Cavendish, married John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare, who was incidentally her first cousin, her mother's sister's son. In 1694, the dukedom was revived when he was created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne. The Holles family descended from John Holles, who was created Baron Haughton, of Haughton in Nottinghamshire, in 1616 and Earl of Clare in 1624. His second son was a politician, Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles. Lord Clare was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He represented East Retford, Nottinghamshire, in the House of Commons and served as Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire. His son, the third Earl, was briefly MP for Nottinghamshire in 1660. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned fourth Earl of Clare, who married a daughter of the second Duke of Newcastle. In 1694, three years after the title became extinct, the Dukedom of Newcastle was revived and granted to the late Duke's son-in-law. The new duke of Newcastle and his wife, Lady Margaret, had only one daughter and no sons. Therefore, on his death in 1711, all his titles became extinct.

Third creation (1715) and Newcastle-under-Lyne (1756)

The Duke's sister, Lady Grace Holles, married Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham. Their elder son Thomas, upon his uncle's death in 1711, succeeded to the substantial Holles estates and assumed by Royal Licence the additional surname and arms of Holles. In 1714, the earldom of Clare was revived when he was created Viscount Haughton and Earl of Clare, with remainder to his younger brother Henry Pelham. The following year, the dukedom was revived when he was made Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, with like special remainder. These titles were in the Peerage of Great Britain. In 1756, when his brother died without male issue and it was evident that the Duke would have no children, the Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was additionally created Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne with a different special remainder: to his nephew-by-marriage Henry Clinton, 9th Earl of Lincoln, who rapidly took on the additional surname Pelham. The 1st Duke's other titles became extinct, except for the Pelham baronetcy and the barony of Pelham, which devolved to his first cousin once-removed, Thomas Pelham.
Extensive personal, transaction and estate papers of the dukes are held in the Portland and Newcastle collections at the University of Nottingham's Department of Manuscripts and Special Collections.

Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, first creation (1665)

Earls of Clare (1624)

Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, second creation (1694)

Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, third creation (1715)

Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne (1756)

Principal seats and abodes

England

Wales

  • One duke bought the retreat of Cwm Elain, Dyfryn-Elain, Cwm-Toyddwr, Radnorshire, from Sir Robert Peel. It had been sold off by 1849.
  • The heirs of Thomas Johnes sold Hafod Uchtryd, in Cardiganshire, together with its estate on the Ystwith, to the 4th Duke. The process of sale took from 1831 until 1833, and the price was £70,000. The Duke spent £20,000 on the property, including adding the Havod Arms Inn, four miles from the house in Llanfihangel y Creuddyn. In 1846, he sold the estate for £95,000 to Henry Hoghton.

Ireland

Family tree

Other notable descendants (last creation)