Vipsania gens


The gens Vipsania or Vipsana was an obscure plebeian family of equestrian rank at ancient Rome. Few members of this gens appear in history, although a number are known from inscriptions. By far the most illustrious of the family was Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, a close friend and adviser of Augustus, whom the emperor intended to make his heir. After Agrippa died, Augustus adopted his friend's sons, each of whom was considered a possible heir to the Empire, but when each of them died or proved unsuitable, Augustus chose another heir, the future emperor Tiberius.

Origin

The Vipsanii are not mentioned in history until the very end of the Republic. Their nomen, Vipsanius, resembles other Nomen gentilicium ending in -anius, which were typically derived from place names or cognomina ending in -anus. Several inscriptions give the name as Vipsanus, perhaps the original form of the nomen. According to some scholars, the gens Vipsania was originally from Pisae in Etruria.

Praenomina

The only praenomina associated with the main family of the Vipsanii were Lucius and Marcus, two of the most common names throughout Roman history. Vipsanii named Gaius, Publius, Quintus, Sextus, and Titus are known from inscriptions and coins.

Branches and cognomina

Only one distinct family of the Vipsanii appears in history, with the cognomen Agrippa. This was originally a praenomen, used by a few families of the early Republic, including the patrician Furii and Menenii, but by the end of the Republic it seems to have been used exclusively as a cognomen. Its origin and meaning were obscure even in antiquity; the most familiar explanation was that it was one of many praenomina derived from the circumstances of childbirth, and referred to a child delivered feet-first.

Members

  • Lucius Vipsanius, the father of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa.
  • Lucius Vipsanius L. f., the brother of Marcus Agrippa, served under Cato the Younger against Caesar during the Civil War.
  • Vipsania L. f. Polla, the sister of Marcus Agrippa, completed the Porticus Vipsania after her brother's death.
  • Marcus Vipsanius, a man mentioned by Suetonius who criticised the language of the Aeneid, and called Vergil a bastard of Maecenas. Some identify this individual as the general Marcus Agrippa.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Atticus, a rhetorician of the first century BC, sometimes conjectured to be the son of Agrippa.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Gallicanus, a grandson of one of Augustus' freedmen.
  • Marcus Vipsanius M. l. Clemens, freedman and impostor of Agrippa Postumus.
  • Vipsanius Laenas, governor of Sardinia, was condemned in AD 56 on a charge of repetundae, maladministration of his province.

    Vipsanii Agrippae

  • Marcus Vipsanius L. f. Agrippa, the friend and trusted lieutenant of Augustus, distinguished himself in the Perusine War, against the Chatti, Sextus Pompeius, and at the Battle of Actium. He was consul in 37, 28, and 27 BC, and as aedile in 33 and subsequently repaired and constructed a number of important public works. His first wife was Attica, the daughter of Titus Pomponius Atticus; about 28 BC he married Augustus' niece, Marcella, and in 21 the emperor had him divorce Marcella and marry his daughter, Julia. He died unexpectedly in 12 BC.
  • Vipsania M. f. L. n., a daughter of Agrippa by his first wife, Attica, married Quintus Haterius.
  • Vipsania M. f. L. n. Agrippina, a daughter of Agrippa by his first wife, Attica. Her first husband was Tiberius Claudius Nero, by whom she became the mother of Drusus, but Augustus ordered their divorce, so that Tiberius could marry Julia. Vipsania then married Gaius Asinius Gallus, consul in 8 BC.
  • Vipsania M. f. L. n. Marcella, a daughter of Agrippa by his second wife, Marcella, married Publius Quinctilius Varus.
  • Vipsania M. f. L. n. Marcella, a daughter of Agrippa by his second wife, Marcella, married Marcus Aemilius Lepidus.
  • Gaius Vipsanius M. f. L. n. Agrippa, the elder son of Agrippa and Julia, was adopted by Augustus in his father's lifetime, becoming Gaius Julius Caesar. He was consul in AD 1, together with his brother-in-law, Lucius Aemilius Paullus, but was already in Asia, where he remained to oppose the Parthians. He was wounded while taking possession of Armenia, and never fully recovered, dying at Limyra in Lycia in AD 4.
  • Vipsania M. f. L. n. Julia, the elder daughter of Agrippa and Julia, commonly known as Julia the Younger, married Lucius Aemilius Paullus, consul in AD 1. She may have been the inspiration for the Corinna of Ovid's Amores. In AD 8, she was banished to the island of Tremerus, ostensibly for an affair with the senator Decimus Junius Silanus, but possibly because her husband had conspired against the emperor. She died in exile in 28.
  • Lucius Vipsanius M. f. L. n. Agrippa, the second son of Agrippa and Julia, was adopted in infancy by Augustus, becoming Lucius Julius Caesar. He and his brother, Gaius, were meant to be the emperor's heirs, but Lucius died at Massilia in AD 2, while traveling to Spain, and his brother died in AD 4, leaving Augustus to choose between their younger brother, Marcus, and his son-in-law, Tiberius.
  • Vipsania M. f. L. n. Julia Agrippina, or Agrippina the Elder, the younger daughter of Agrippa and Julia, married Germanicus, the nephew and intended heir of Tiberius, but after his death in AD 19, she was regarded with suspicion by the emperor, who banished her and her two elder sons, Nero and Drusus, to the Pontine Islands, where they died. Her third son, Gaius, succeeded Tiberius; her daughter, Agrippina, was the fourth wife of Claudius and the mother of Nero.
  • Marcus Vipsanius M. f. L. n. Agrippa Postumus, the youngest son of Agrippa and Julia, was born after his father's death in 12 BC, and adopted by Augustus in AD 4, becoming Marcus Julius Caesar Agrippa Postumus. He was later banished to the island of Planasia on account of his violent temperament. There he was murdered after the accession of Tiberius, in order to forestall any possibility of a revolt in his name.
  • Publius Vipsanius Agrippa, duumvir of Corinth during the reign of Caligula. Possibly a member of Marcus Agrippa's family.

    Vipsanii from inscriptions

  • Marcus Vipsanius Lamyrus, a little boy buried at Rome, aged four, in a tomb dating to the latter half of the first century BC.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Longinus, buried at Rome, aged thirty, in a tomb dating to the latter half of the first century BC.
  • Vipsania M. M. l. Acume, a freedwoman of Agrippa.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Agrippae l. Antiochus Sittianus, a freedman of Agrippa, buried at Rome in a sepulchre built by Flavia Acme for herself, Antiochus, and Marcus Vipsanius Troilus.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Fortunatus, perhaps a freedman of Agrippa, received a pot from Astracalus, Agrippa's lapidarius, or jeweler.
  • Vipsania Agrippae l. Martha, a freedwoman of Agrippa.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Salvius, perhaps a freedman of Agrippa, received a pot from Astracalus.
  • Vipsania M. l. Stibas, a freedwoman of the household of Agrippa, for whom Marcus Vipsanius Zoticus dedicated several pots at Rome.
  • Marcus Vipsanius M. l. Zoticus, a freedman of the household of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, dedicated a series of pots at Rome for himself and his conliberta, Vipsania Stibas.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Agrippae l. Troilus Sittianus, a freedman of Agrippa, buried in a sepulchre built by Flavia Acme for herself, Troilus, and Marcus Vipsanius Antiochus.
  • Marcus Vipsanius, buried at Rome in the late first century BC, or early first century AD.
  • Vipsania Ɔ. l. Cyclas, a freedwoman buried at Rome, in a tomb dating to the late first century BC, or early first century AD.
  • Marcus Vipsanus Macedo, mentioned in an inscription from Rome, naming his "brother", Cyrus, dating from the late first century BC, or early first century AD.
  • Marcus Vipsanius M. l. Nedymo, a freedman named in an inscription from Rome, dating to the late first century BC, or early first century AD.
  • Vipsania Fructa, dedicated a tomb at Rome for her sister, Vipsania Jucunda, dating to the late first century BC, or the early first century AD.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Hilarus, the patron of Lais, a freedwoman, who dedicated a monument in his honour, dating to the late first century BC, or the early first century AD.
  • Vipsania Jucunda, buried at Rome, aged twelve, with a monument from her sister, Vipsania Fructa, dating to the late first century BC, or early first century AD.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Calamus, one of the tentori, or animal handlers, at the estate of Titus Attius Capito, named in an inscription dating from the reign of Augustus.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Dareus, one of the tentori of Titus Attius Capito.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Faustus, one of the charioteers of Titus Attius Capito.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Micio Docimus, the steward of Titus Attius Capito's estate.
  • Sextus Vipsanius M. f. Clemens, one of the magistrates at Verona in Venetia and Histria in 1 BC.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Narcissus, apparently an actor who had fallen on hard times, and become a rogator, or beggar, according to an early first-century inscription from Rome.
  • Marcus Vipsania Papa, a freedman of Agrippina.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Thales, a freedman of Agrippina, together with his foster-brother, Chryses, dedicated a tomb at Rome for the latter's brother Celeris, the son of Gallus, dating to the early first century.
  • Vipsanius Novellus, dedicated a tomb at Cirta in Numidia, dating between the reign of Augustus and the reign of Trajan, for Crescensgentia, the daughter of Cristenus, aged two.
  • Vipsania Fausta, dedicated a tomb at Rome for Tiberius Julius Antiochus, dating to the final years of Augustus.
  • Marcus Vipsanius, a freedman of Agrippa or perhaps Agrippina, named in an inscription from Rome, along with Antistia Fac, dating from the first half of the first century.
  • Marcus Vipsanius, named in a sepulchral inscription from Aquileia in Venetia and Histria, dating from the first half of the first century.
  • Vipsania M. l. Eucalio, a freedwoman, named along with her mother, Vipsania Rufa, in an inscription from Rome, dating to the first half of the first century.
  • Vipsania M. Ɔ. l. Fortunata, a freedwoman named in an inscription from Rome, dating from the first half of the first century.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Sp. f. Gallicanus, the grandson of Gaius Julius Libanus, a freedman of the emperor, was buried at Rome, aged thirty-five, in a tomb dating to the first half of the first century.
  • Vipsania Hilara, dedicated a tomb at Rome for her husband, Vipsanius Spinther, dating from the first half of the first century.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Isochrysus, a boy buried at Rome, aged eight years, two months, and eighteen days, in a tomb dating from the first half of the first century.
  • Vipsanius Marius, named in a sepulchral inscription from Rome, dating from the first half of the first century.
  • Vipsanius Musaeus, the former master of Vipsania Thalassa.
  • Vipsania M. l. Rufa, a freedwoman, named along with her daughter, Vipsania Eucalio, in an inscription from Rome dating to the first half of the first century.
  • Vipsanius Spinther, buried at Rome in a tomb dedicated by his wife, Vipsania Hilara, dating to the first half of the first century.
  • Vipsania Thalassa, the freedwoman of Vipsanius Musaeus, built a tomb in an uncertain province for herself and Tiberius Claudius Epictetus, a freedman of the emperor.
  • Vipsania Urbana, named in an inscription from Rome, dating to the first half of the first century.
  • Vipsania Psyllis, dedicated a monument at Rome for her husband, Seleucus, the freedman of Asinius Pollio, dating between AD 30 and 50.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Primigenius, a bronze worker at Abellinum in Campania during the late first century BC, or early first century AD.
  • Vipsanius, the owner of an estate at Fundi in Latium during the first half of the first century.
  • Vipsania, buried in a first-century tomb at Salona in Dalmatia, along with Quintus Terentius Seleucianus.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Alexander, named in a first-century inscription from Rome.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Anoptes, buried in a first-century tomb at Rome.
  • Vipsania M. l. Aucta, a freedwoman buried in a first-century tomb at Rome.
  • Vipsanius Celer, dedicated a first-century tomb at Rome for his wife, Junia Sympherusa, aged twenty-three.
  • Quintus Vipsanus Colonus, known from a first-century sepulchral inscription from Aquileia in Venetia and Histria.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Dama, named in a first-century inscription from Ostia in Latium.
  • Vipsania Euposia, the mother of Vipsania Fortunata, whom she buried in a first-century family sepulchre at Rome, along with Vipsania Philusa and Marcus Vipsanius Latinus.
  • Vipsania Fortunata, the daughter of Vipsania Euposia, buried in a first-century family sepulchre at Rome, aged nineteen years, ten months, and ten hours, along with Vipsania Philusa and Marcus Vipsanius Latinus.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Sex. f. Latinus, buried in a first-century family sepulchre at Rome, aged one, along with Vipsania Philusa and Vipsania Fortunata.
  • Vipsania M. l. Philusa, buried in a first-century family sepulchre at Rome, aged twenty, along with Marcus Vipsanius Latinus and Vipsania Fortunata.
  • Vipsania Quinta, buried in a first-century tomb at Simitthus in Africa Proconsularis, aged thirty-two.
  • Marcus Vipsanius M. l. Ap, a freedman named in an inscription from Herculaneum, dating between AD 60 and 79.
  • Vipsanius Eunus, buried at Rome, aged forty-five, in a tomb dedicated by his wife, dating from the reign of Domitian.
  • Marcus Vipsanus M. l. Faustus, a freedman named in a dedicatory inscription from Flanona in Dalmatia, dating from the first century, or the first half of the second.
  • Vipsanius Peregrinus, mentioned in an inscription from Casilinum in Campania, dating from the first century, or the first half of the second, had been quaestor and aedile.
  • Marcus Vipsanius M. f. Secundus Melo, a soldier in the century of Lutatius, in the fifth cohort of the praetorian guard, was buried at Rome, aged twenty-seven, having served for nine years, in a tomb dating from the latter half of the first century, or the early part of the second.
  • Vipsania M. f. Silana, built a sepulchre at Iader in Dalmatia, dating between the middle of the first century and the first half of the second, for her husband, the freedman Quintus Feresius Spiculus, and daughter, Feresia Tertulla, aged twenty-four.
  • Vipsanius Marcellus, master of the slave Theseus, buried at Regium Julium in Bruttium, aged seventeen, in a tomb dating to the latter half of the first century.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Clemens, made a substantial donation to a temple at Leptis Magna in Africa Proconsularis during the late first century.
  • Vipsanius Felix, dedicated a late first- or early second-century tomb at Ostia for his freedman and his wife, Plaria Tyche.
  • Vipsania Primigenia, buried at Rome in a family sepulchre dedicated by her husband, Titus Flavius Magnus, and dating to the late first or early second century.
  • Vipsanius Atticus, buried at Catina in Sicilia, in a tomb dating to the latter half of the first century, or the first half of the second.
  • Vipsania M. f. Priscilla, a woman buried at Neviodunum in Pannonia Superior, along with her husband, Quintus Annaeus Crispus, aged seventy, and son, Annaeus Colonus, aged fifteen, in a tomb dedicated by her son, Quintus Annaeus Verus, dating to the late first century, or the first half of the second.
  • Lucius Vipsanus Secundus, dedicated a tomb at Aequum Tuticum in Samnium, dating from the late first century, or the first half of the second, for his wife, Veneria, and their family.
  • Vipsania Atticilla, buried at Augusta Emerita in Lusitania, aged twenty-eight, with a monument from her husband, Marcus Ulpius Lupus, a freedman of the emperor.
  • Marcus Vipsanus Daphnus, buried in a second-century tomb at Rome, dedicated by his daughter, Cornelia.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Nerva, dedicated a tomb at Rome for his freedman, Quartus, dating from the second century, or the latter half of the first.
  • Titus Vipsanius Q. f. Fortunatus, the father of Quintia Tertulla, with whom he dedicated a tomb at Aufinum in Sabinum for his wife, Quintia Exoce, dating between the late first and early third centuries.
  • Vipsania Capriola, the nurse of Vipsania Severa, for whom she dedicated a second-century tomb at Teate Marrucinorum in Sabinum, together with Vipsanius Valens, Severa's maternal uncle.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Eucdemus, made a second-century offering to Isis at Narbo in Gallia Narbonensis.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Felix, buried in a sepulchre at Portus in Latium, dating to the middle of the second century, along with Marcus Ulpius Philetus, Titus Flavius Agathemer, and Titus Flavius Onesimus.
  • Vipsania Fortunata, buried at Ostia in a second-century tomb dedicated by her husband, Vipsanius Menophas.
  • Vipsanius Menophas, dedicated a second-century tomb at Ostia for his wife, Vipsania Fortunata.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Polybius, one of the patrons of the college of beam-makers at Luna in Etruria, named in a second-century inscription.
  • Vipsania Severa, buried in a second-century tomb at Teate Marrucinorum, dedicated by her maternal uncle, Vipsanius Valens, and nurse, Vipsania Capriola.
  • Vipsanius Valens, dedicated a second-century tomb at Teate Marrucinorum for his sister's daughter, Vipsania Severa, together with the girl's nurse, Vipsania Capriola.
  • Marcus Paconius L. f. Vipsanius Proculus, one of the aediles, made a donation to the temple of the Genius of the Roman colony at Lilybaeum, dating to the latter half of the second century.
  • Gaius Vipsanius Victor, a soldier in the ninth cohort of the Legio III Augusta, stationed at Lambaesis in Numidia, according to an inscription dating from AD 173.
  • Lucius Cominius Vipsanius Salutaris, governor of Hispania Baetica in AD 195, during the reign of Septimius Severus.
  • Servilia Vipsania Quieta, a woman buried at Rome, aged sixty-five years, five months, and one day, in a tomb dedicated by her son, Menander, dating to the late second century, or the first half of the third.
  • Vipsania Censoria, buried at Burdigala in Gallia Aquitania, in a tomb dating from the first half of the third century.
  • Lucius Vipsanius Marcellus, buried at Epetium in Dalmatia, in a tomb dedicated by his cousin, Vipsanius Lupus, and dating to the third century, or the latter half of the second.
  • Vipsania Lupa, buried at Epetium in a tomb dedicated by her son, Vivius Hyla, and dating to the third century, or the latter half of the second.
  • Vipsania Casta, dedicated a second- or third-century tomb at Rome for her friend, Tituenus Aprilis, a soldier in the twelfth Urban Cohort, in the century of Rufus, a veteran of eighteen years.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Felix, buried at Rome, aged thirty, in a second- or third-century tomb dedicated by his wife, Alcime.
  • Vipsania Lesbia, buried in a second- or third-century tomb at Rome.
  • Vipsanius Lupus, dedicated a second- or third-century tomb at Epetium for his cousin, Lucius Vipsanius Marcellus.
  • Vipsanius Primitivus, named in a second- or third-century sepulchral inscription from Rome.
  • Vipsanius Marcellinus, dedicated a tomb in Dalmatia for his mother, Garinia Marcellina, dating to the third century, or the latter half of the second.
  • Lucius Vipsanius L. f. Valens, buried at Salona, aged forty-seven, in a tomb dedicated by his wife, Baebidia Balbina, and son, Lucius Vipsanius Valens, dating from the third century, or the latter half of the second.
  • Lucius Vipsanius L. f. L. n. Valens, along with his mother, Baebidia Balbina, dedicated a tomb at Salona to his father, also named Lucius Vipsanius Valens.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Primulus, a soldier in the fifth cohort of the vigiles at Rome in AD 210, serving in the century of Verinus.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Felix, a soldier in the fifth cohort of the vigiles in AD 210, serving in the century of Verinus.
  • Marcus Vipsanius Syriacus, a soldier in the fifth cohort of the vigiles in AD 210, serving in the century of Romulus.
  • Vipsanius Caecilianus Axius, fiscal procurator for the province of Asia around the reign of Macrinus and Diadumenian.
  • Cominia L. f. Vipsania Dignitas, a woman of senatorial rank, named in an early third-century inscription concerning the priest of Diana at Allifae.
  • Vipsania L. f. Maxima, buried at Emporium Piretensium in Moesia Inferior, aged thirty-five, in a tomb dedicated by her mother, Visentia Modesta, and brothers Vipsanius Clemens, Vipsanius Valens, Vipsanius Martialis, Vipsanius Modestus, and Vipsanius Fronto, dating to the first half of the third century.
  • Vipsanius L. f. Clemens, the son of Visentia Modesta, was a soldier in the Legio VII Claudia. Together with his mother and his brothers, Vipsanius Valens, Vipsanius Martialis, Vipsanius Modestus, and Vipsanius Fronto, he dedicated a third-century tomb at Emporium Piretensium for their sister, Vipsania Maxima.
  • Vipsanius L. f. Fronto, the son of Visentia Modesta, along with whom he and his brothers, Vipsanius Clemens, Vipsanius Valens, Vipsanius Martialis, and Vipsanius Modestus, dedicated a tomb at Emporium Piretensium for their sister, Vipsania Maxima.
  • Vipsanius L. f. Martialis, the son of Visentia Modesta, along with whom he and his brothers, Vipsanius Clemens, Vipsanius Valens, Vipsanius Modestus, and Vipsanius Fronto, dedicated a tomb at Emporium Piretensium for their sister, Vipsania Maxima.
  • Vipsanius L. f. Modestus, the son of Visentia Modesta, along with whom he and his brothers, Vipsanius Clemens, Vipsanius Valens, Vipsanius Martialis, and Vipsanius Fronto, dedicated a tomb at Emporium Piretensium for their sister, Vipsania Maxima.
  • Vipsanius L. f. Valens, the son of Visentia Modesta, along with whom he and his brothers, Vipsanius Clemens, Vipsanius Martialis, Vipsanius Modestus, and Vipsanius Fronto, dedicated a tomb at Emporium Piretensium for their sister, Vipsania Maxima.
  • Vipsana Surilla, the daughter of Clodius Gallicanus, with whom she dedicated a third-century tomb at Pharia in Dalmatia for her mother, Clodia Severa.
  • Lucius Vipsanius L. f. Silvanus, buried at Cirta in a tomb dedicated by his son, Lucius Vipsanius Silvanus, dating to the mid-third century.
  • Lucius Vipsanius L. f. L. n. Silvanus, dedicated a third-century tomb at Cirta for his father, also named Lucius Vipsanius Silvanus.
  • Vipsanius Terentius, dedicated a third-century tomb at Aequum in Dalmatia for his wife, Aurelia Victorina, aged twenty-three, with whom he had lived for nine years and five months.