Viceroy of Kush


The former Kingdom of Kerma in Nubia was a province of ancient Egypt from the 16th century BCE to 11th century BCE. During this period, the region was ruled by a viceroy who reported directly to the Egyptian Pharaoh.
Initially the position was titled "King's Son of the Southern Countries" and "King's Son, Overseer of the Southern Foreign Countries" but by the reign of Thutmose IV the title "King's Son of Kush" appears and becomes standard.
The viceroy was responsible for overseeing the area north of the Third Cataract, which was divided into Wawat in the north, centered at Aniba, and Kush in the south, centered at Soleb during the 18th Dynasty and later at Amara West. They were supported in this task by two deputies, a number of scribes, an overseer of cattle, and the priests of local Egyptian built temples.
Paintings in the tomb of Amenhotep Huy in the Theban necropolis depict some of the activities of a viceroy including overseeing the collection and tallying of tribute, and the delivery of said tribute by boat to the pharaoh in Thebes.
Use of the title King's Son of Kush seems to have lapsed after Piankh, who led an unsuccessful campaign against his rebellious predecessor Pinehesy, and Piankh's successor Herihor. After this point the title is rarely attested, and then outside of Nubia, for example for Neskhons, the wife of Pinedjem II who was named 'Superintendent of Southern Foreign Lands and Viceroy Kush' for unclear reasons. The title of King's Son of Kush appeared with some frequency in the later 22nd Dynasty and one of its Upper-Egyptian branches, apparently designating important officials stationed at Elephantine on the southern border of Egypt proper rather than effective administrators of the Nubian regions farther south.

List of viceroys

Below is a list of viceroys mainly based on a list assembled by George Reisner, supplemented by Frédéric Payraudeau's prosopographical research of Theban officialdom.
NameDynastyKing Comment
Ahmose called Si-Tayit18th DynastyAhmose IPossibly the first viceroy.
Ahmose called Turo18th DynastyAmenhotep I and Thutmose ISon of Ahmose called Si-Tayit.
Seni18th DynastyThutmose I and Thutmose II.
Penre18th DynastyHatshepsut and Thutmose III.
Inebny called AmenemnekhuEighteenth Dynasty of EgyptHatshepsut and Thutmose IIIFirst attested in year 18, and serving until about year 22.
Nehi18th DynastyThutmose IIIAttested in year 22 or 23 of Tuthmose III.
Usersatet18th DynastyAmenhotep II
Amenhotep18th DynastyThutmose IV and Amenhotep III
Merymose18th DynastyAmenhotep III
Tuthmosis18th DynastyAkhenaten
Amenhotep called Huy18th DynastyTutankhamunBuried in TT40.
Paser (i)18th DynastyAy and HoremhebSon of the viceroy Amenhotep called Huy.
Amenemopet19th DynastySeti I and Ramesses IISon of Paser and grandson of Amenhotep Huy.
Yuny19th DynastyRamesses IIServed as head of the stable under Sety I and was later promoted to viceroy.
Heqanakht19th DynastyRamesses II
Paser (ii)19th DynastyRamesses IISon of the High Priest of Min and Isis named Minmose; related to the family of Parennefer called Wennefer.
Huy19th DynastyRamesses IIHe may have served either before or after Setau. Huy was also Mayor of Tjarw and a royal messenger to the Hatti. According to an inscription, he escorted Queen Maathorneferure from Hatti to Egypt.
Setau19th DynastyRamesses II
Anhotep19th DynastyRamesses IIBuried in TT300.
Mernudjem19th DynastyPossibly a viceroy under Ramesses II.
Khaemtir19th DynastyMerneptah
Messuy19th DynastyMerneptah, perhaps Amenmesse, and Seti IIPossibly the future king Amenmesse.
Seti19th DynastySiptah
Hori (i)20th DynastySetnakhteSon of Kama.
Hori (ii)20th DynastyRamesses III and Ramesses IVSon of Hori I
Siese20th DynastyRamesses VI
Nahihor20th DynastyRamesses VII and perhaps Ramesses VIII
Wentawat20th DynastyRamesses IXSon of Nahihor.
Ramessesnakht20th DynastyRamesses IXSon of Wentawat.
Pinehesy20th DynastyRamesses XIPlayed a role in suppressing the High Priest of Amun Amenhotep.
Setmose20th DynastyRamesses XI
Piankh20th DynastyRamesses XIAlso the High Priest of Amun.
Akheperre21st DynastyMenkheperreThe el-Hibeh archive mentions Akheperre who is a Third Prophet of Amun and a viceroy of Kush.

son of Nimlot
22nd DynastyOsorkon IIThe name is lost, but his father might be the king's son Nimlot.
Hatnakhte
22nd Dynasty /
23rd Dynasty
Takelot IIThe reading of the name is uncertain.
Pamiu 22nd Dynasty /
23rd Dynasty
Osorkon IIIAlso Vizier and Third Prophet of Amun. The title of viceroy is attested on the coffin of his great-grandson Padiamonet.
Ankh-Osorkon 22nd Dynasty /
23rd Dynasty
Takelot IIIAlso Vizier. Son of Djedptahiufankh, the brother of Takelot III and son of Osorkon III.