Vertigo (gastropod)


Vertigo is a genus of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.

Description

Snails in the genus Vertigo have no oral tentacles, thus they have only one pair of tentacles.
The jaw is arched; the ends squarely truncated; the anterior surface striate; the cutting edge with a median projection. The radula has a central tooth that is almost square, tricuspid, as large as or larger than the lateral teeth, which are similar, narrower, and bi- or tricuspid. The marginal teeth are low, wide and serrated.

Shell

The shell is deeply rimate and ovate. The apex is acuminate and obtuse. The shell has 5–6 whorls. The last whorl is rounded. The aperture is semioval with 4 to 7 folds. The peristome is scarcely expanded and white-lipped.

Distribution

The distribution of the genus Vertigo includes Europe, northern Asia, eastern Asia, Japan, Central and North America, Caribbean and the Bermudas.

Species

Species in the genus Vertigo include:Vertigo alabamensis G. Clapp, 1915 – Alabama VertigoVertigo alpestris Alder, 1838 – tundra vertigo
  • † Vertigo angulifera O. Boettger, 1884 Vertigo angustior Jeffreys, 1830 – Narrow-mouthed Whorl SnailVertigo antipygmaea Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2018 Vertigo antivertigo Vertigo arctica
  • † Vertigo arenula Vertigo arizonensis Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1900Vertigo arthuri Von Martens, 1882
  • †Vertigo atavuncula
  • † Vertigo bakonyensis Kókay, 2006 Vertigo bandulana
  • † Vertigo bella Y.-T. Li, 1986 Vertigo beringia Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018Vertigo bermudensis Pilsbry, 1919Vertigo berryi Pilsbry, 1919
  • † Vertigo bicolumellata Steklov in Steklov & Tsytovich, 1967
  • † Vertigo bifida Vertigo binneyana Sterki, 1890Vertigo bisulcata Vertigo bollesiana – Delicate vertigo snail
  • † Vertigo brusinai De Stefani, 1880 Vertigo calamitosa Vertigo californica
  • † Vertigo callosa Reuss in Reuss & Meyer, 1849 Vertigo catalinaria Vertigo chiricahuensis Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018Vertigo chytryi Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
  • † Vertigo cianfanellianus Vertigo circumlabiata Schileyko, 1984Vertigo clappi Brooks & G. R. Hunt, 1936Vertigo clementina Vertigo coloradensis Vertigo columbiana Sterki, 1892Vertigo congoensis
  • † Vertigo consteniusi Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001 Vertigo conecuhensis G. Clapp, 1915: synonym of Vertigo alabamensis G. H. Clapp, 1915Vertigo cristata Vertigo cupressicola Sterki, 1919Vertigo dalliana Vertigo dedecora
  • † Vertigo defranceii Vertigo diegoensis
  • † Vertigo diversidens
  • † Vertigo doliara Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001
  • † Vertigo douvillei de Morgan, 1920
  • † Vertigo elsheimensis O. Boettger, 1889 Vertigo eogea Pilsbry, 1919
  • * Vertigo eogea stagnalis Kuroda, 1941Vertigo extima Vertigo farquhari Vertigo genesii – Round-mouthed Whorl SnailVertigo genesioides Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018Vertigo geyeri Lindholm, 1925Vertigo gittenbergeri
  • † Vertigo globosa Sacco, 1886 Vertigo gouldii Vertigo griqualandica Vertigo hannai Pilsbry, 1919
  • † Vertigo hauchecornei Klebs, 1886Vertigo hebardi Vanetta, 1912Vertigo hemphilli
  • † Vertigo hibbardi F. C. Baker, 1938 Vertigo hinkleyi Pilsbry, 1921Vertigo hirasei Pilsbry, 1901
  • † Vertigo hohenstaufenorum Schlickum & Geissert, 1980 Vertigo hydrophila Vertigo idahoensis Pilsbry, 1934Vertigo inserta Pilsbry, 1919Vertigo japonica Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
  • † Vertigo kochi O. Boettger, 1889 Vertigo kodamai Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
  • † Vertigo kroloppi Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
  • † Vertigo kuenowii Klebs, 1886Vertigo kurilensis Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018Vertigo kushiroensis Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1905
  • * Vertigo kushiroensis botanicorum Horsak & Pokryszko, 2010
  • † Vertigo likharevi Prysjazhnjuk, 1978Vertigo lilljeborgi
  • † Vertigo lozeki Schlickum & Puisségur, 1978
  • † Vertigo luminosa Y.-T. Li, 1986 Vertigo malleata Coles & Nekola, 2007
  • † Vertigo manchurica K. Suzuki, 194 Vertigo marciae Nekola & Rosenberg, 2013Vertigo marki Gulick, 1904
  • † Vertigo maxillosa Schütt, 1994 Vertigo meramecensis A. S. Van Devender, 1979
  • † Vertigo micra Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001 Vertigo microsphaera Schileyko, 1984Vertigo milium – Blade Vertigo
  • † Vertigo milleri Gottschick & Wenz, 1919
  • † Vertigo minor O. Boettger, 1870 Vertigo modesta – cross vertigo
  • †Vertigo moedlingensis Wenz & Edlauer, 1942
  • † Vertigo moenana Zinndorf, 1901
  • † Vertigo moldavica Prisyazhnyuk, 1973 Vertigo morsei Sterki, 1894
  • † Vertigo mostrata Y.-T. Li, 1986 Vertigo moulinsiana – Desmoulin's whorl snail
  • † Vertigo myrmido Michaud, 1855 Vertigo nangaparbatensis Pokryszko & Hlaváč, 2009Vertigo nitidula
  • † Vertigo nouleti Michaud, 1862 Vertigo numellata Gulick, 1904Vertigo nylanderi Sterki, 1909
  • † Vertigo obesa Y.-T. Li, 1986 Vertigo occidentalis Sterki, 1907
  • † Vertigo ocsensis Vertigo okinoerabuensis Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904
  • † Vertigo olchonica Popova & Schileyko, 1981 Vertigo oralis Sterki, 1890 – Palmetto VertigoVertigo oscariana Sterki, 1890 – Capital VertigoVertigo oughtoni Pilsbry, 1948Vertigo ovata – ovate vertigo
  • † Vertigo ovatula
  • † Vertigo pageti Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
  • † Vertigo palangula
  • † Vertigo pandei Bhatia & Mathur, 1971 Vertigo parcedentata Vertigo parvula Sterki, 1890Vertigo perryi Sterki, 1905Vertigo pimuensis Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018Vertigo pisewensis Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
  • † Vertigo pontileviensis de Morgan, 1920
  • † Vertigo praecoquis Russell, 1956
  • † Vertigo praepusilla Prysjazhnjuk, 1978
  • † Vertigo protracta
  • † Vertigo pseudoantivertigo Paladilhe, 1873 Vertigo pseudosubstriata Ložek, 1954Vertigo pusilla O. F. Müller, 1774 – type speciesVertigo pygmaea – crested vertigoVertigo ronnebyensis Vertigo rowellii Vertigo rugosula Sterki, 1890 – Striate VertigoVertigo sandbergeri Wenz, 1923 †Vertigo seminulum Vertigo sterkii Pilsbry, 1919Vertigo substriata Vertigo superstriata Pokryszko & Auffenberg, 2009
  • † Vertigo tembrockae Schlickum & Strauch, 1979 Vertigo teskeyae Hubricht, 1961
  • † Vertigo tewarii Bhatia & Mathur, 1971 Vertigo torrei Aguayo & Jaume, 1934Vertigo tridentata Wolf, 1870Vertigo trinotata
  • † Vertigo trolli Wenz in K. Fischer & Wenz, 1914
  • † Vertigo tuchoricensis Pilsbry in Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1919
  • † Vertigo turonica de Morgan, 1920 Vertigo ultima Pilsbry, 1919Vertigo ultimathule Proschwitz, 2007
  • † Vertigo uncata Steklov, 1967 Vertigo utahensis Sterki, 1892
  • † Vertigo vectiensis L. R. Cox, 1924 Vertigo ventricosa
  • † Vertigo vracevicensis Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2017
  • † Vertigo whitei Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992
;Synonyms:Vertigo concinnula – Mitered vertigo: synonym of Vertigo modesta concinnula Cockerell, 1897Vertigo cubana Crosse, 1890: synonym of Lyropupa cubana Vertigo elatior – tapered vertigo: synonym of Vertigo ventricosa
  • † Vertigo flexidens : synonym of † Ptychalaea flexidens Vertigo hachijoensis Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Vertigo kushiroensis hachijoensis Pilsbry, 1919Vertigo heldi Clessin, 1877: synonym of Vertigo pygmaea Vertigo hubrichti Pilsbry, 1934: synonym of Vertigo arthuri E. von Martens, 1882
  • † Vertigo interferens : synonym of † Ovicarychium interferens
  • † Vertigo mystica : synonym of † Ptychalaea mystica Stworzewicz & B.M. Pokryszko, 2015 Vertigo neglecta Arango in Poey, 1856: synonym of Vertigo ovata Say, 1822Vertigo occulta Vanetta, 1912: synonym of Vertigo arthuri E. von Martens, 1882
  • †Vertigo paradoxa Sterki in Pilsbry, 1900: synonym of Vertigo arthuri E. von Martens, 1882Vertigo shimochii Kuroda & Amano, 1960: synonym of Gastrocopta servilis Vertigo sieversi : synonym of ''Vertigo nitidula''