Verbenaceae


The Verbenaceae, the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.
The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800 species. Phylogenetic studies have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, has been placed in the Acanthaceae.
Economically important Verbenaceae include:

Taxonomy

33 genera are accepted.Tribes and genera in the family and their estimated species numbers:
Casselieae Tronc.Casselia Nees & Mart. - 6 speciesParodianthus Tronc. - 2 speciesTamonea Aubl. - 6 species
Citharexyleae Briq.Citharexylum L. - 60 speciesRehdera Moldenke - 3 species
Duranteae Bent.Bouchea Cham. - 13 speciesChascanum E.Mey - 27 speciesDuranta L. - 31 speciesRecordia Moldenke - 2 speciesStachytarpheta Vahl - 120 species
Lantaneae Endl.Aloysia Palau - 36 speciesCoelocarpum Balf.f. - 6 speciesDiphyllocalyx Greuter & R.Rankin - 6 speciesIsidroa Greuter & R.Rankin - 1 speciesLantana L. - 100 speciesLippia L. - 140 speciesNashia Millsp. - 1 speciesPhyla Lour. - 5 speciesSalimenaea – 1 speciesTroncosoa N.O'Leary & P.Moroni - 1 species
Neospartoneae Olmstead & N.O'LearyDiostea Miers - 1 speciesLampayo Phil. ex Murillo - 3 speciesNeosparton Griseb. - 3 species
Petreeae Briq.Petrea L. - 12 species
Priveae Briq.Pitraea Turcz. - 1 speciesPriva Adans. - 20 species
Verbeneae Dumort.Glandularia J.F.Gmel. - 88 speciesHierobotana Briq. - 1 speciesJunellia Moldenke - 38 speciesMulguraea N.O’Leary & P.Peralta - 11 speciesVerbena L. - 57 species
UnassignedDipyrena Hook. - 1 speciesRhaphithamnus Miers - 2 species

Excluded genera

Various genera formerly included in the family Verbenaceae are now treated under other families:
;Moved to Acanthaceae:Avicennia L.
;Moved to Lamiaceae:Amasonia L.f.Brachysola RyeCallicarpa L.Caryopteris BungeChloanthes R.Br.Clerodendrum L.Congea Roxb.Cornutia L.Cyanostegia Turcz.Dicrastylis J.Drumm. ex Harv.Discretitheca P.D.CantinoFaradaya F.Muell.Garrettia H.R.FletcherGlossocarya Wall. ex Griff.Gmelina L.Hemiphora F.Muell.Holmskioldia Retz.Hosea Ridl.Hymenopyramis Wall. ex Griff.Kalaharia Baill.Karomia DopLachnostachys Hook.Mallophora Endl.Monochilus Fisch. & C.A.Mey.Newcastelia F.Muell.Oncinocalyx F.Muell.Oxera Labill.Peronema JackPetitia Jacq.Petraeovitex Oliv.Physopsis Turcz.Pityrodia R.Br.Premna L.Pseudocarpidium Millsp.Pseudocaryopteris P.D.CantinoRotheca Raf.Schnabelia Hand.-Mazz.Spartothamnella Briq.Sphenodesme JackSymphorema Roxb.Tectona L.f.Teijsmanniodendron Koord.Teucridium Hook.f.Tripora P.D.CantinoVitex L.
;Moved to Oleaceae:Dimetra KerrNyctanthes L.
;Moved to Orobanchaceae:Asepalum MaraisCyclocheilon Oliv.Nesogenes A.DC.
;Moved to Phrymaceae:Phryma L.
;Moved to Stilbaceae:Campylostachys KunthEuthystachys A.DC.Stilbe P.J.BergiusThesmophora Rourke