Vecna
Vecna is a fictional character appearing in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. Vecna has been named one of the greatest villains in the Dungeons & Dragons franchise.
Originally appearing in the Greyhawk campaign setting, Vecna was described as a powerful wizard who became a lich. He was eventually destroyed, and his left hand and left eye were the only parts of his body to survive. Even after the character achieved godhood—being a member of the third edition's default pantheon of D&D gods —he is still described as missing both his left eye and left hand. Vecna's holy symbol is an eye in the palm of a left hand.
Vecna's "right-hand man", who ultimately became his betrayer, is Kas the Bloody-Handed, a vampire whose sword, the Sword of Kas, is also an artifact.
Publication history
Original ''Dungeons & Dragons''
In Eldritch Wizardry, the third supplement to the original Dungeons & Dragons rules, Brian Blume invented two artifacts he called the Hand and Eye of Vecna. These were supposedly the only remnants of an evil lich, Vecna, who had been destroyed long ago. "The book contains no more detail on Vecna other than the fact that Kas was his bodyguard". The name Vecna was an anagram of Vance, the surname of Jack Vance, the fantasy author whose works inspired the magic system used in Dungeons & Dragons. The Hand and Eye of Vecna on the other hand were inspired by similar items that appear in the Eternal Champion series by Michael Moorcock.On the artifacts, Gary Gygax later said, "nary a detail of those items did ever reveal to me".
1st edition
The Hand and Eye of Vecna were then mentioned in the first edition Dungeon Master's Guide on page 124. During the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons years, Vecna was regarded only as a legend or myth, a long-destroyed legendary lich of great power, only able to threaten player characters who dared to use his Hand and Eye.2nd edition
Ten years later, in Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition's Dungeon Master's Guide, Vecna's history was expanded under the description of his Hand. With the release of the adventure Vecna Lives! in 1990, written in support of The City of Greyhawk boxed set, Vecna finally appeared in person, reimagined as a demigod, and the chief antagonist of the adventure. At the end of the adventure—presuming the players defeat Vecna—he is transported to the Ravenloft campaign setting. Vecna's history, via his artifacts, was also further developed in the supplemental sourcebook Book of Artifacts. After the publication of Vecna Lives!, "Vecna disappeared throughout the rest of the '90s, until Domains of Dread " which confirmed his new location in the realm of Ravenloft. However, it wasn't until 1998 that there was a Ravenloft-centered follow-through, Vecna Reborn.In 2000, Wizards of the Coast released the last adventure to be written for the 2nd edition ruleset, Die Vecna Die!, a three-part adventure tying Greyhawk to the Ravenloft and Planescape campaign settings. In this adventure, Vecna was given the rank of a lesser god. Die Vecna Die! set up the transition between the second and third editions of D&D. According to Shannon Appelcline, the adventure "touched upon the oldest locales and the most ancient myths of the D&D game" by involving the Eye and Hand of Vecna and using them to oppose Iuz the cambion demigod.
3rd and 3.5 edition
Wizards of the Coast continued the character's theme of ascending godhood in Dungeons & Dragons Third Edition with the Player's Handbook listing him as a Lesser deity. Third Edition further raised Vecna's profile in the game, making him a member of the game's "core pantheon". Vecna's alignment was changed from Lawful Evil to Neutral Evil in Third Edition, and no in-game explanation has surfaced. Vecna's role in the 3rd edition Greyhawk setting was defined in the Living Greyhawk Gazetteer. Vecna is detailed in Deities and Demigods. On the deities of the Greyhawk setting, Matthew Attanasio, for CBR, wrote, "Vecna, a lich who hordes dark secrets, covets incredible power and holds dominion over the undead, is perhaps the most infamous of these deities".Vecna appears in the revised Player's Handbook for Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 edition. His priesthood is detailed for this edition in Complete Divine. Vecna was one of the deities featured in Libris Mortis. Vecna and his priesthood were expanded upon in Dragon #348, in the "Core Beliefs" column.
4th edition
Vecna appears as one of the deities described in the 2008 Dungeon Master's Guide for Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition. He is primarily the god of secrets. The Hand of Vecna has also made its return for this edition of the game. Vecna was given a set of statistics in Open Grave. Vecna was the name of the Wizards of the Coast's server that hosted and handled the new online character builder tool.5th edition
In the 5th Edition Dungeon Master's Guide, Vecna appears as a member of the "Dawn War Pantheon" which is mostly derived from the 4th Edition pantheon. He is also included in the Player's Handbook as one of the deities of Greyhawk. In both, he is listed as the god of evil secrets. Additionally, both his hand and eye are listed as artifacts. In the Sword Coast Adventurer's Guide, Vecna is mentioned as a possible God for the Arcana Cleric Domain, as well as a Warlock patron of the Undying.In the Exandria setting, Vecna is a Betrayer God also known as the Whispered One. He was introduced to this setting in the Dungeons & Dragons web series Critical Role as the main villain in the last arc of the first campaign. However, the events of Critical Role were not added to the official Dungeons & Dragons canon until Joe Manganiello's character Arkhan was added to the adventure module Baldur's Gate: Descent Into Avernus. Further details on Vox Machina's fight with Vecna were then included in the official campaign sourcebook Explorer's Guide to Wildemount along with details on Vecna's enemies and his commandments.
In June 2022, Wizards of the Coast released the Vecna Dossier as a digital exclusive on D&D Beyond. This included background information and a 5th Edition statblock for Vecna in the updated style of the edition. This iteration is of Vecna as an archlich before his ascension to godhood.
Vecna is the main villain of the adventure module Vecna: Eve of Ruin'', released in May 2024. This module also launches a new storyline that will "play out over a five year period, with other adventures bringing back more classic D&D villains".
Related artifacts
''Hand'' and ''Eye of Vecna''
The left hand and eye of Vecna's original "mortal" lich form, which have never been replaced in his later more powerful incarnations, are now high-valued and very dangerous magical artifacts. To use the powers of the Hand of Vecna or the Eye of Vecna one is required to cut off one's own corresponding body part and affix Vecna's in its place. "The new bearer of the Eye or Hand will gain access to powerful spell-like abilities, but the items will slowly corrupt them, turning them evil over time". These artifacts were introduced in the third supplement to the original D&D rules, Eldritch Wizardry. They went on to appear in all subsequent D&D editions. They are considered classic items in D&D, with Mordicai Knode of Tor.com commenting "We all agree that the Hand and Eye of Vecna are the best artifacts, right?" Scott Baird, for Screen Rant, highlighted the risk of the items and stated that "a D&D party that finds one can find itself torn apart. The reputation of these items precedes them and many good adventurers would want to destroy the Eye or Hand of Vecna, but there is always the temptation of power. More importantly, the player will be tempted, simply so they can brag that they used these famous items in a campaign".Joe Manganiello's character Arkhan fought against Vecna with the adventuring party Vox Machina in the web series Critical Role. He then stole the Hand of Vecna and replaced his own hand with the artifact. In Baldur's Gate: Descent Into Avernus, Arkhan is attempting to master the Hand of Vecna in hopes of freeing Tiamat, however, the artifact is slowly corrupting and decomposing his left side.
''Sword of Kas''
Vecna created the Sword of Kas for his greatest servant Kas the Bloody-Handed and it contains a "portion of his consciousness."This interpretation is relatively recent. As per the 1st edition Dungeon Master's Guide, Vecna only procured this most powerful sword for his chief lieutenant. Similarly, depending on edition and source, its appearance has varied, from a short sword to a wavy bladed two hander. However, it is consistently depicted that the Sword is inextricably tied to Vecna's relics. "The reason why Vecna only has a single eye and hand is due to a betrayal by Kas", who used the sword against his former master.
"In the third edition of Dungeons & Dragons, the Sword of Kas is a +6 unholy keen vorpal longsword that grants a +10 modifier to the Strength score of its wielder".
The sword is listed as an artifact in the 2024 Dungeon Master's Guide.