Varicellaria hemisphaerica


Varicellaria hemisphaerica is a species of corticolous crustose lichen belonging to the family Varicellariaceae. It has an almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Taxonomy

The lichen was first formally described as a new species in 1815 by Heinrich Gustav Flörke, who classified it in the genus Variolaria. The type species was collected in Berlin, Germany. Christian Erichsen transferred the taxon to Pertusaria 1932. It was regarded as a member of that genus until Imke Schmitt and H. Thorsten Lumbsch reclassified it in Varicellaria in 2012, following molecular phylogenetics-informed restructuring of the polyphyletic Pertusaria.

Description

Varicellaria hemisphaerica is a lichen that forms medium to thick growths in extended, conspicuous patches of pale bluish grey colouration. The is distinct, arranged in zones, and white in colour. The upper surface of the main body ranges from smooth to uneven or warted in texture.
A distinctive feature of this lichen is its soralia—specialised structures for asexual reproduction—which measure 1–2 mm in diameter. These soralia are markedly convex and often merge together. The have a appearance, ranging from pale to the same colour as the thallus, and measure 40–100 μm in diameter. Apothecia, which are cup-like fruiting bodies for sexual reproduction, have not been observed in this species.
When tested with chemical spot tests, the soralia show characteristic reactions: they are C+, K–, KC+, and Pd–. Under ultraviolet light, they may or may not display a glaucous fluorescence. These chemical reactions indicate the presence of lecanoric acid and an unidentified secondary metabolite in the lichen.

Similar species

Varicellaria hemisphaerica can be distinguished from the closely related V. lactea by its preference and morphological features: V. hemisphaerica grows exclusively on tree bark, while V. lactea is found on rock surfaces. The species produces smaller soredia compared to V. lactea. While both species contain lecanoric acid as their main secondary metabolite, the presence of variolaric acid can occur in both species and is not a reliable diagnostic feature. The thallus of V. hemisphaerica is typically pale bluish-grey, sometimes becoming pink in herbarium specimens, with a smooth and thin or cracked and thick texture, featuring convex soralia that are paler or the same colour as the thallus. Molecular phylogenetic studies have confirmed that V. hemisphaerica and V. lactea represent distinct species, with their divergence likely driven by their different substrate requirements. Both species associate with the same, Trebouxia sp. OTU A03.