Pavel Lebedev-Polianskii
Pavel Ivanovich Lebedev-Polianskii was a Russian revolutionary and later a prominent Soviet state functionary, literary scholar and academic.
Biography
Born Pavel Ivanovich Lebedev in Melenki, Vladimir Oblast he became active in the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1902. In 1908, he eloped with Vera Lebedeva and then went into exile in Geneva where they stayed until returning to Russia in 1917. In 1914, he reconstituted Vpered arguing that the reason so many European socialists supported the First World War indicated that socialist ideology was weak - something which could be addressed by scientific and socialist education. He also used the pseudonym Valerian Polianskii.He joined the Bolsheviks in August 1917 and after the October Revolution he participated in the liquidation of the Holy Synod and the Academic Council which were under the Ministry of Public Education.
From 1917 to 1919, Lebedev-Polianskii was commissar of the Main Administration of Literature and Publishing department of the People's Commissariat for Education, where he organised new editions of works of classic Russian literature. From 1918 to 1920, he was chairman of the All-Russian Council of Proletkult during which time he edited Proletarskaya Kul'tura with Fedor Kalinin.
In 1921, he became director of Glavlit, a post he held until 1930. From 1928 to 1930, he edited Literatura i marksizm. He was also a member of the editorial board of the first edition of the Soviet Encyclopedia.
From 1934 to 1939, he edited Literaturnaia entsiklopediia.
From 1937 until his death in 1948, Lebedev-Polianskii was the director of the Institute of Russian Literature of the Academy of Sciences. He led campaigns to erase non-Marxist literary studies and linguistics in the USSR and to establish the principle of partisanship in Soviet science and ideology.
He was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1945.