Urdu Braille
Urdu Braille is the braille alphabet used for Urdu. There are two standard braille alphabets for Urdu, one in Pakistan and the other in India. The Pakistani alphabet is based on Persian Braille and is in use throughout the country, while the Indian alphabet is based on the national Bharati Braille.
Differences from Persian and Bharati Braille
Besides the addition of Urdu-specific consonants analogous to the additional letters in the print Urdu alphabet compared to the Persian alphabet, Pakistani Urdu Braille differs from Persian Braille in the transcription of the print letter ژ ž, which is written as a digraph in Urdu braille rather than as Persian, which in Urdu is used for ڈ ḍ.Indian Urdu Braille differs from other Bharati braille alphabets in having several letters borrowed from Persian, such as for ق q, for ح ḥ, and for ع ‘. Another such letter, for خ x, is shared with Gurmukhi Braille ਖ਼ x but with no other Bharati alphabet, where is otherwise the vowel o.