Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness


The under secretary of defense for personnel and readiness, or USD is a high-ranking civilian position in the Office of the Secretary of Defense within the United States Department of Defense responsible for advising the secretary and [United States Deputy Secretary of Defense|deputy United States Secretary of Defense|secretary of defense] on recruitment, career development, pay and benefits, and oversight of the state of military readiness. The under secretary is appointed from civilian life by the president and confirmed by the Senate to serve at the pleasure of the President.
Additionally, he exercises day-to-day supervision of the Department of Defense Education Activity and the Defense Commissary Agency.

Overview

The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness is the principal staff element for the Department of Defense for all human resources, human capital development, and personnel logistics matters. The USD has oversight of the Defense Commissary Agency, Department of Defense Education Activity, Defense Human Resources Activity, the Military Health System, and the Defense Travel Management Office. The USD is also responsible for training, health affairs, National Guard and Reserve affairs, personnel requirements for weapons support, and military and civilian family matters, subject to the authority of the Secretary of Defense. Through the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Personnel Policy, the United States Military Entrance Processing Command also reports to the Under Secretary.
With the rank of Under Secretary, the USD is a Level III position within the Executive Schedule. Since January 2010, the annual rate of pay for Level III is $165,300.

History

The position was first mandated by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994, signed by President Clinton on 30 November 1993. Defense Directive 5124.2, passed 17 March 1994, officially established the position, incorporating the functions of the Assistant Secretary of Defense and authorizing authority over the Reserve Affairs and the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. Since the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 was signed on 5 October 1999, the Under Secretary has been responsible for establishing standards on deployment of units away from assigned duty stations, the length of time they may be away for a deployment away from assigned duty stations, and for establishing systems for reporting tracking deployments.
When created in 1993, the USD assumed authority primarily over three DoD offices: the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, and Assistant Secretary of Defense for Readiness and Force Management. The ASD has since been abolished, its responsibilities assumed by other officials reporting to the USD.

Reporting officials

Officials reporting to the USD include:

Budget

Budget totals

The annual budget for the USD is contained in the Office of the Secretary of Defense's budget, under the Defense-Wide Operation and Maintenance account.

Budget features

  • Contracts and other Support Services - Funds contracts and other support services for mission requirements, including Intergovernmental Personnel Act requirements
  • Advancing Diversity and Equal Opportunity Program - Funding to increase the number of people with targeted disabilities in the federal civilian workforce to support the DoD goal of two percent DoD-wide, emphasizing the benefit for wounded service members
  • Assistant Secretary of Defense - ASD is the principal medical staff advisor to the Secretary of Defense and principal program manager for all DoD health matters to include medical readiness, health care delivery, preventive medicine, medical military construction, and the procurement, development, training and retention of medical military and civilian personnel
  • Assistant Secretary of Defense - Funds managed by ASD are utilized to conduct valuable research and analysis for specific topics and issues that arise related to the National Guard and military Reserve components
  • Combatant Commander's Exercise Engagement and Training Transformation - The program was established as a result of direction from the Quadrennial Defense Review that re-aligned and consolidated joint training programs and applies resulting efficiencies against new mission areas and existing joint training shortfalls
  • Defense Safety Oversight Council - Supports safety initiatives to reduce and prevent injuries to Defense Department personnel
  • Defense Readiness Reporting System - Allows for quick analysis of force capability issues, effective program oversight, operator training, and data maintenance
  • Lost Work Days System - Lost Work Days aims to increase operational readiness by providing data and analysis to eliminate preventable mishaps
  • Military Personnel Policy Naturalization Support - Funding to pay U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services in the United States Department of Homeland Security to not charge fees to military members applying for naturalization to become US citizens
  • Military Spouse Intern Program - Assists eligible spouses of active duty military in obtaining positions in federal agencies by paying the spouses' salary and benefits for the first year of employment
  • Studies Program - The Department contracts for assistance in facilitating studies that improve the overall operation and efficiency of the OUSD and the programs over which it exercises oversight
  • Training Transformation - Provides oversight of the Department's Joint training effort
  • Wounded Warrior Care and Transition Policy - Funds WWCTP operations that provide OSD-level oversight of the development and implementation of comprehensive disability, non-medical care and case management, and transition programs, policies and standards Department-wide
  • Travel - Funds employee travel to support USD mission

Office holders

No.PortraitNameTenureSecretary of Defense Served UnderPresident Served Under
1Edwin Dorn16 March 1994 – 7 July 1997William PerryBill Clinton
1Edwin Dorn16 March 1994 – 7 July 1997William CohenBill Clinton
2Rudy de Leon5 August 1997 – 31 March 2000William CohenBill Clinton
-Charles Cragin 31 March 2000 – 23 May 2000William CohenBill Clinton
3Bernard D. Rostker23 May 2000 – 19 January 2001William CohenBill Clinton
-Charles Cragin 20 January 2001 – 31 May 2001Donald RumsfeldGeorge W. Bush
4David S. C. Chu1 June 2001 – 20 January 2009Donald RumsfeldGeorge W. Bush
4David S. C. Chu1 June 2001 – 20 January 2009Robert GatesGeorge W. Bush
-Gail H. McGinn 21 January 2009 – 8 February 2010Robert GatesBarack Obama
5Clifford Stanley9 February 2010 – 27 October 2011Robert GatesBarack Obama
5Clifford Stanley9 February 2010 – 27 October 2011Leon PanettaBarack Obama
-Jo Ann Rooney 27 October 2011 – 8 June 2012Leon PanettaBarack Obama
6Erin C. Conaton8 June 2012 – 31 December 2012Leon PanettaBarack Obama
7Jessica Wright1 January 2013 – 31 March 2015Leon PanettaBarack Obama
7Jessica Wright1 January 2013 – 31 March 2015Chuck HagelBarack Obama
7Jessica Wright1 January 2013 – 31 March 2015Ash CarterBarack Obama
-Brad Carson 2 April 2015 – 8 April 2016Ash CarterBarack Obama
-Peter Levine 8 April 2016 – 20 January 2017Ash CarterBarack Obama
-Anthony Kurta 20 January 2017 – 30 November 2017Jim MattisDonald Trump
8Robert Wilkie30 November 2017 – 30 July 2018Jim MattisDonald Trump
-Stephanie Barna 30 July 2018 – 22 October 2018Jim MattisDonald Trump
-James N. Stewart 22 October 2018 – 13 December 2019Jim MattisDonald Trump
-James N. Stewart 22 October 2018 – 13 December 2019Mark EsperDonald Trump
-Matthew Donovan 13 December 2019 – 2 March 2020Mark EsperDonald Trump
-Alexis Lasselle Ross 3 March 2020 – 23 March 2020Mark EsperDonald Trump
9Matthew Donovan23 March 2020 – 20 January 2021Mark EsperDonald Trump
-Virginia S. Penrod 20 January 2021 – 24 August 2021Lloyd AustinJoe Biden
10Gil Cisneros24 August 2021 – 8 September 2023Lloyd AustinJoe Biden
-Ashish Vazirani 8 September 2023 – 20 January 2025Lloyd AustinJoe Biden
-Darin Selnick 20 January 2025 – 17 March 2025Pete HegsethDonald Trump
-Jules W. Hurst III 17 March 2025 – 18 July 2025Pete HegsethDonald Trump
11Anthony Tata18 July 2025PresentPete HegsethDonald Trump

Principal Deputy

The Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness is the Under Secretary's chief staff assistant. PDUSD is delegated full power and authority to act for the USD and exercise the powers of the USD on any and all matters that the USD is authorized to act, except in those areas where delegation of the USD authority is otherwise restricted by higher authority or prohibited by law.
Established as the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense by the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2002 , the post took over the duties of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Force Management Policy, which was then abolished. The DUSD was re-designated Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense , or PDUSD in July 2003 by DoD Directive 5124.8. As of 2012, the position again holds the rank of Principal Deputy Under Secretary.
NameTenureUSD served underSecDef served underPresident served under
Charles S. Abell14 November 2002 – 11 July 2006David S. C. ChuDonald H. RumsfeldGeorge W. Bush
Michael L. Dominguez11 July 2006 – 20 January 2009David S. C. ChuDonald H. RumsfeldGeorge W. Bush
William J. Carr 20 January 2009 – 8 February 2010Michael L. Dominguez Robert M. GatesBarack Obama
Lynn C. Simpson 8 February 2010 – 2 June 2011Gail McGinn Robert M. GatesBarack Obama
Jo Ann Rooney2 June 2011 - 24 May 2012Clifford StanleyLeon PanettaBarack Obama
Vacant24 May 2012 – 30 July 2014Jessica L. Wright Chuck HagelBarack Obama
Laura Junor31 July 2014 – May 2015Jessica L. Wright
Brad Carson
Chuck Hagel
Ashton Carter
Barack Obama
Stephanie Barna 8 April 2016 – 20 January 2017Peter Levine Ashton CarterBarack Obama
William G. Bushman 29 July 2019 – 20 January 2021James N. Stewart
Matthew Donovan
Alexis Lasselle Ross
Matthew Donovan
Mark EsperDonald Trump
Julie Blanks 20 January 2021 – 13 July 2022Virginia S. Penrod
Gil Cisneros
Lloyd AustinJoe Biden
Ashish Vazirani13 July 2022 – 20 January 2025Gil CisnerosLloyd AustinJoe Biden
Jules W. Hurst III 20 January 2025 – 17 March 2025Darin Selnick Pete HegsethDonald Trump
Tim Dill 17 March 2025 – 18 July 2025Jules W. Hurst III Pete HegsethDonald Trump
Merlynn Carson 18 July 2025 – 25 September 2025Anthony TataPete HegsethDonald Trump
Sean D. O'Keffe25 September 2025 – PresentAnthony TataPete HegsethDonald Trump