Ugsarmal bair

Ugsarmal bair, or just Ugsarmal, is the Mongolian term for prefabricated high-rise panel buildings. Most of these buildings were built in the 1960s and 1970s with Soviet funding and Soviet designs similar to those of Brezhnevkas.
In the capital city of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, there are a total of 1077 ugsarmal panel buildings built between 1965 and 2000. Of the 1077 ugsarmal buildings, 34 of them are twelve-story, 263 of them are five-story, and the remaining 780 are nine-story tall. A study conducted in 2014 found that 45462 households live in ugsarmal buildings.
Most of these buildings offered only small flats to most inhabitants. They were made to cheap quality standards while minimising the visual beauty of the buildings. At the same time, they supplied a large share of Mongolia's population with flats equipped with modern amenities, which at the time were still relatively rare in the country.
Ugsarmals in Ulaanbaatar, Erdenet, and Darkhan are often high-rises, while those in the aimag centers usually have only four floors. Most public flats in Mongolia, including Ugsarmals, were privatized in the early 1990s after the 1990 Democratic Revolution.

Equivalents in other countries

The term Ugsarmal bair refers specifically to Soviet panel buildings in Mongolia. However, similar buildings were built in other Communist countries and some Western countries.
;Eastern Bloc housing

;Other countries