Ieronim Uborevich
Ieronim Petrovich Uborevich was a Soviet military commander of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, reaching the rank of komandarm in 1935. He was executed during the Great Purge in June 1937 and was posthumously rehabilitated in 1957.
Biography
Uborevich was born into a Lithuanian peasant family in the village of Antandraja in the Novoalexandrovsky Uyezd of the Kovno Governorate of the Russian Empire. After graduating from the Dvinsk realschule, he attended the Saint Petersburg Polytechnical Institute before transferring in 1915 to the in Petrograd, from which he graduated in 1916, receiving command of a battery, and later of a company.He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (b) in March 1917 and, after the October Revolution of that year, began recruiting Red Guards in Bessarabia. During Operation Faustschlag in February or March 1918 he was injured and taken captive by the Imperial German Army. He escaped in July or August, joined the Red Army, and served as an artillery instructor and commander of the Dvinsk Brigade in the Red Army Northern Front. In December 1918 he received command of the 18th Rifle Division of the 6th Army.
During the Russian Civil War, he held several significant commands, including: commander of the 14th Army of the Southern Front and the Southwestern Front ; commander of the 9th Kuban Army of the Southern Front ; commander of the 13th Army in the Southern Front ; and commander of the 5th Army in the Eastern Front.
Besides combat against the Whites and against the Poles, he was also involved in the defeat of Nestor Makhno and Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz; he acted as assistant to Mikhail Tukhachevsky during the Tambov Rebellion in 1921–1922. From August to November 1922 he served as minister of war of the Far Eastern Republic and commander-in-chief of its People's Revolutionary Army. In the latter position, Uborevich oversaw the storming of Spassk-Dalny on 9 October 1922, the seizure of Vladivostok from the White troops of Mikhail Diterikhs on 25 October 1922, and finally, the ouster from Primorsky Krai of the last major White forces in Russian territory, the Zemskaya Rat of Mikhail Diterikhs. From August to November he served in the Far Eastern Bureau of the Comintern.
Uborevich was a member of All-Russian Central Executive Committee from 1922 and consecutively, commander of a series of military districts: Ural ; North Caucasus ; Moscow ; Belorussia ; and Central Asia. He also attended the military academy of the German General Staff twice. He had a close relationship with his counterparts in the Reichswehr, acquiring important information on developments in German weaponry. He was also a member of the Soviet Revolutionary Military Council and chief of armaments for the Red Army. He acted as a candidate member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) from 1931 to 1937 and from 1934 was a member of the military council of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the Soviet Union.
Arrested on May 29, 1937, Uborevich – along with Tukhachevsky, August Kork, and others – was arraigned in the Case of the Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization on June 11, 1937. Judged guilty of espionage and sabotage by a clandestine military tribunal, he was sentenced to death and executed on the same day. During the Khrushchev Thaw he was posthumously rehabilitated by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union on January 31, 1957.
Uborevich was survived by his wife Nina and daughter Vladimira (Mira). Nina Uborevich was arrested in late 1937 and executed in 1941. Mira Uborevich was sent to an orphanage and later arrested and convicted. Her memoirs were published in 2008; in 2013 she was interviewed in a multi-part documentary for the Russia-K television channel.