Trochidae
The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles a toy spinning top.
Taxonomy
The family Trochidae consists of the following subfamilies:- Alcyninae Williams, Donald, Spencer & Nakano, 2010
- Cantharidinae Gray, 1857
- Carinotrochinae S.-Q. Zhang, J. Zhang & S.-P. Zhang, 2020
- Chrysostomatinae Williams, Donald, Spencer & Nakano, 2010
- Fossarininae Bandel, 2009
- Halistylinae Keen, 1958
- Kaiparathininae B. A. Marshall, 1993
- Monodontinae Gray, 1857
- Stomatellinae Gray, 1840
- Trochinae Rafinesque, 1815
- Umboniinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
- Callumbonella Thiele, 1924
- †Coeloconulus Nützel, 2012
- Enida A. Adams, 1860
- †Eocalliostoma O. Haas, 1953
- †Fagnastesia S. N. Nielsen, Frassinetti & Bandel, 2004
- †Falsotectus Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2017
- †Guidonia De Stefani, 1880
- †Lithotrochus Conrad, 1855
- †Tylotrochus Koken, 1896
Description
Shell
The length of an adult shell varies between 5 mm and 130 mm. There is also a wide variation in the shape of the shell. This goes from low auriform with a wide aperture to the long, slender conical forms of typical top shells. The shape may also be subglobose, turbinate or helicoid. Their height may vary between 3 mm and 152 mm. The shell contains only a few whorls. These have a highly variable exterior, ranging from smooth or glossy to sculptured.The internal shell is nacreous. They have a brown, entirely corneous, circular, multispiral operculum which fits the aperture snugly. The operculum is formed of numerous gradually increasing whorls with a central nucleus. The aperture may be entire, tetragonal or rounded and has no reflected lip. The peristome is generally not continuous.
These shells are often brightly colored and adorned with darker bands.
Species of the family Trochidae differ from those in the family Turbinidae in having a corneous, never calcareous, operculum, which is always multispiral.
Internal anatomy
The animal is similar in general form to the Turbinidae. The top snails are characterized by some primitive traits: a heart with two atria. They have retained only one kidney and the second osphradium has been lost in the course of evolution. The mantle cavity contains a single gill.Along the side of the foot are three or more pairs of sensory epipodial tentacles. The head has a short, broad rostrum. The intertentacular lobes are simple or digitated, separate or united across the front, sometimes obsolete. The jaws are developed or absent.
The radula is rhipidoglossate. The rhachidian teeth are always present and well-developed. The lateral teeth generally number 5 on each side, sometimes more numerous. The marginal teeth are narrow and very numerous.