Trigg's Arkansas Battery
Trigg's Arkansas Battery was a Confederate Army artillery battery during the American Civil War. the unit is also known as the Austin Artillery, Auston's Artillery, Austin's Artillery, and Company B, of Shoup's Artillery Battalion. This battery is distinguished from a later organization, the 9th Arkansas Field Battery, which was also commanded by Captain John T. Trigg.
Organization
John T. Trigg was an attorney, railroad agent and politician. His sister Frances married Edmund Burgevin, who became the Adjutant General of Arkansas in 1861. His half-brother was Arkansas Governor Henry Rector. He first entered service as an enlisted member of the Pulaski Light Artillery, a military battery from Little Rock. He was paid for service in the battery, April 20–30, 1861 when the battery was sent as part of a militia battalion led by Colonel Solon Borland to seize the Federal post at Fort Smith, Arkansas. The unit returned to Little Rock in time to fire the salute celebrating Arkansas's secession from the Union on May 6, 1861. Trigg received a Militia Commission as captain of a volunteer artillery company of the 13th Militia Regiment of Pulaski County on May 22, 1861. The other officers listed in the battery are:- Hart Baswell 1st LT
- E. J. Thurston 2nd LT
- A. B. Trigg, 3rd LT.
Many Confederate artillery units seem to have begun the war named for the city or county that sponsored their organization. In the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, artillery units are most often referred to by the name of their battery commander. During the war, efforts were made to organize artillery units into battalions and regiments, but the battalions seldom functioned as a consolidated organization, in fact batteries were often broken out and fought as one or two gun sections. Shoup's battalion would be an exception to this rule.
Service
The battery, as part of Shoup's Battalion moved to central Kentucky with Hardee's forces. Major Shoup's battalion was associated with Brigadier General Patrick Cleburne's brigade when it moved into Kentucky and remained so until after the battle of Shiloh. The Battalion was in the retreat from Bowling Green to Corinth, Mississippi, following the fall of Forts Donelson and Henry.During the Battle of Shiloh, a.k.a. Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, Sunday, April 6, 1862 – Monday, April 7, 1862, the battery, armed with two 6-pounder smoothbores and two 12-pounder howitzers was assigned with the rest of Shoup's battalion to General Patrick Cleburne's 2nd Brigade of Major General William J. Hardee Corps. Major Shoup was serving and Major General Hardee's Chief of Artillery. By the afternoon of Sunday, April 6, 1862, men of Brig. Gens. Benjamin M. Prentiss's and W. H. L. Wallace's Union divisions had established and held a position nicknamed the Hornet's Nest. The Confederates assaulted the position for several hours rather than simply bypassing it, and they suffered heavy casualties during these assaults. The Confederates, led by Brig. Gen. Daniel Ruggles, assembled a 'grand battery' of over 50 cannons, including Trigg's Arkansas Battery into a position known as "Ruggles' Battery". Some controversy exists as to who exactly gave the order to concentrate artillery at this point. It has gone down in history as "Ruggle's Battery" but Major Shoup also claimed the credit. Other sources indicate that Brig. Genl. James Trudeau began the concentration after orders from Beauregard. National Park Service tablets at the Shiloh National Military Park use the "Ruggle's Battery" designation. This concentration originated about 3:00 pm when General Beauregard was informed of the death of General Albert S. Johnston thereby making Beauregard the army commander. He immediately moved to push the stalled rebel attack by assigning General Braxton Bragg to command in the eastern sector of the battlefield and General Ruggles to command in the center of the battlefield, the Duncan field sector. Ruggles issued orders to gather the artillery into a group which historians now believe totaled 55 guns. Major Francis Shoup also claims a portion of the credit for this grouping which came about because Shoup and Ruggles were unaware of the other being present. There were actually two groups of guns in Ruggle's Grand Battery, the northern group and the southern group. The northern group contained the batteries located by aides of General Ruggles and brought to the field. This group is the group formed by Ruggles. The southern group was commanded by Major Shoup and contained a group of batteries who had been under Shoup"s supervision and had been resting following the morning fight near the main Corinth Road. The northern group, commanded by Captain Bankhead included a section of Ketchum's Alabama battery 2 guns, Hodgson's Louisiana battery 6 guns, Bankhead's Tennessee battery 6 guns, Stanford's Mississippi battery 6 guns, Robertson's Alabama battery, 4 guns for a total of 30 guns. The southern group of guns, commanded by Major Shoup included Roberts Arkansas battery 4 guns, Triggs Arkansas battery 4 guns, Sweet's Mississippi battery 6 guns, a section of Hubbard's Arkansas battery 2 guns, Brynes Kentucky battery, 7 guns and a section of Cobb's Kentucky Battery, 2 guns, for a total of 25 guns. The guns of these two groups came from different areas of the battlefield. It appears that Shoup was not initially aware of the presence of the northern group of guns or Ruggles' orders to gather the guns. The resulting artillery concentration of 55 guns was, up to that time, the largest concentration of artillery ever on the North American continent and was itself a historical event. This status did not last long as it was quickly surpassed by even larger artillery concentrations in the Eastern Theater of the war. The grand battery enabled Confederates to surround the position, and the Hornet's Nest fell after holding out for seven hours.
In early May 1862, Confederate forces underwent an army-wide reorganization due to the passage of the Conscription Act by the Confederate Congress in April 1862. All twelve-month units had to re-muster and enlist for two additional years or the duration of the war; a new election of officers was ordered; and men who were exempted from service by age or other reasons under the Conscription Act were allowed to take a discharge and go home. Officers who did not choose to stand for re-election were also offered a discharge. The reorganization was accomplished among all the Arkansas units in and around Corinth, Mississippi, following the Battle of Shiloh. Several Arkansas Officers, such as Colonel Robert G. Shaver and Colonel Dandridge McCrae chose not to stand for re-election and instead choose to return to Arkansas and raise new units. Some of these officers choose to follow Major General Thomas C. Hindman, who was appointed in May 1862 to assume command of the new Department of the Trans-Mississippi. It is not clear if Captain John Trigg chose to resign at this point or if he was defeated in the re-organization, but he drops out of sight in the Army of Mississippi at about the time of the reorganization.
Trigg's Arkansas Battery is listed in General P.G.T Beauregard's report of the Confederate Army of the Mississippi on May 26, 1862. The unit is assigned to Brigadier General Patrick Cleburne's 2nd Brigade of General Hardee's 3rd Army Corps. By June 30, 1862, Trigg's Battery, now under the command of Thomas M. Austin and listed as Austin's Arkansas Artillery is assigned to a brigade commanded by Colonel Alexander T. Hawthorn. Hawthorn's Brigade had been created from units regiments drawn from the other brigades of the Hardee's Corps and included Austin's Battery. Hawthorn's Brigade was short lived as he departed to serve in the Trans-Mississippi and the brigade was broken up at the end of July 1862, Austin's Battery being disbanded at the same time.