Tregrug Castle
Tregrug Castle or Llangibby Castle is a ruin in Monmouthshire, Wales, located about to the north of the village of Llangybi, close to the settlement of Tregrug.
The castle appears to have superseded an earlier Norman motte-and-bailey castle, which is first mentioned in records dating from 1262. Surrounded by dense woodland, on the top of a ridge, the present remains include a large, nearly rectangular walled enclosure, about by, surrounded by ditches - the size of the bailey makes it the largest single-enclosure castle in England and Wales. The bailey is entered through a gatehouse, to the left of which stands a large stone tower, known as the 'Lord's Tower'. Recent archaeological thinking suggests that the castle's main function may have been recreational rather than defensive; it was probably built as a hunting lodge, with accompanying gardens in the style of a late medieval ‘pleasance’. The castle had fallen into disuse by the 16th century but was refortified and garrisoned during the English Civil War. Slighted at the war's end, it was subsequently redeveloped as a landscape garden feature, to complement a new house, New Llangibby Castle, which was built in the grounds at the very end of the 17th century.
Name
The ruin is called by several different names, including Tregrug Castle, Tregruk Castle and Llangybi Castle. It is unclear whether the settlement of Tregrug was named after the hilltop structure, or the structure was named after the settlement.History
The original castle on the site, a Norman motte-and-bailey to the east of the existing ruins, is first recorded in 1262. This castle was later superseded by the current structure. The estate, including the motte-and-bailey, came into the ownership of the family in 1245, and was in possession of Bogo de Clare, the third son of Richard de Clare, for some years before his death. In 1369, the community of Tregrug was severely affected by one of the later outbreaks of the plague. A new ambitious noble residence, enclosed in a high stone wall, with defensive banks and ditches, was started in the early 14th century, probably by Gilbert de Clare. The castle passed briefly into the hands of the Despenser family; it may have been Hugh Despenser who began the construction of the late medieval structure from which most of the now-standing ruins derive. It was attacked during the revolt of Llywelyn Bren in 1316.The historian John Kenyon has suggested that much of the later work at the castle may have been undertaken by Gilbert's widow, Matilda, and by his sister and heiress, Elizabeth de Burgh, after Gilbert's death at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. Kenyon supports the contention that the primary purpose of the castle was as a “grand country retreat or hunting lodge, albeit martial in appearance”, rather than a truly defensive structure.
Tregrug came into Crown ownership and was sold by Queen Mary to the Williams family of Usk in 1554. During the English Civil War the dilapidated castle was refortified and held by an influential local magnate, Sir Trevor Williams, 1st Baronet. At the end of the war, the castle was slighted.
In the late 17th century, the Williams family built a new house nearby, known as New Llangibby Castle, adapted the castle ruins to a landscape garden feature and in around 1707 established an avenue of Scots Pines which ran from the gates of the estate to the River Usk. In the late-19th century, the motte was planted over with conifer trees and rhododendron, having previously been used as a bowling green. These were felled in the early 21st century, as were the softwood trees planted in the central enclosure, while New Llangibby Castle was demolished in 1951. The north and south stable ranges, both contemporaneous with the new house, remain and are Grade II listed buildings. The site is listed at Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales. Tregrug Castle, and the remnants of the original motte-and-bailey fortification, are scheduled monuments.