Transport in Rome
Rome has an extensive internal transport system and is one of the most important road, rail and air hubs in Italy.
Rome banned diesel vehicles from its roads for the first time on Tuesday 14 January 2020. The local transport authority said the order would affect around one million vehicles.
Urban transport
Rome has an urban transport network which consists of buses, trams, rapid transit lines, light rail lines and suburban railways.Roma servizi per la Mobilità is the municipally owned public transport agency which is in charge of programming bus routes and providing and services to the user.
Atac is the municipally owned public transport company which operates most of the public transport lines in the city.
Roma TPL is a private company which operates a minority of bus lines.
Rome Metro
The Rome Metro is the rapid transit system serving the city with three underground lines. The first track opened in 1955, making it the oldest in the country. The total length of the network is with 73 stations. There are three lines [Line Line A (Rome Metro)|A (Rome Metro)|A], [Line Line B (Rome Metro)|B (Rome Metro)|B] - plus a branch called B1 - and [Line Line C (Rome Metro)|C (Rome Metro)|C]. Lines A and B intersect at Termini station; line C is completely automated and intersects line A at San Giovanni Station.The Metro operates on of route, serving 77 stations. On 12 May 2018, the western terminus of Line C was moved to San Giovanni. On 16 December 2025, the western terminus of Line C was moved to Colosseo. It has a daily ridership of approximately 820 thousand passengers, and an annual traffic of approximately 320 million passengers. Line B was the first metro line inaugurated in the system, and the first official metro in Italy, but the names 'A' and 'B' were only added when the second line opened 25 years after the first. Inaugurated in post-war Italy in 1955 during the reconstruction and on the verge of the Italian economic miracle, it was designed and built for the 1942 universal exhibition desired by the fascist regime, which never took place due to the outbreak of the World War II.
All Rome metro lines are heavy rapid transit lines, with 6-car trains, approximately 105 m long. Line A of the Rome metro uses exclusively the CAF MA 300 series, line B essentially uses the CAF MB400 series together with other CAF MA300 series trains and the historic MB 100 Ansaldobreda. Line C is the longest driverless metro in Italy and one of the largest in Europe, using Hitachi Rail Italy's driverless technology.
Trams and commuter rail
Rome's overground rail transport comprises the tramway network, suburban and urban lines in and around the city of Rome. Whereas most FS-Regionale lines provide a largely suburban service with more than twenty stations scattered throughout the city.- The Rome-Lido connects the city with Ostia, the seaside resort of Rome;
- Roma-Nord, starting at Flaminio station, connects the city with the suburban areas in the northern part of the city, with terminus in Viterbo in the extra-urban service.
- Rome–Giardinetti, tram-train line.
| Line | Terminals | Year opened | Daily ridership | Length | Stations | Operator |
| Orte - Fiumicino Aeroporto | 1994 | 65,000 | 26 | Trenitalia | ||
| Roma Tiburtina - Tivoli | 1994 | 22,000 | 13 | Trenitalia | ||
| Roma Tiburtina - Viterbo Porta Fiorentina | 1999 | 60,000 | 28 | Trenitalia | ||
| Roma Termini - Frascati / Albano Laziale / Velletri | 1994 | 55,000 | / / | 20 | Trenitalia | |
| Roma Termini - Civitavecchia | 1994 | 40,000 | 14 | Trenitalia | ||
| Roma Termini - Cassino | 1994 | 50,000 | 22 | Trenitalia | ||
| Roma Termini - Minturno - Scauri | 1994 | 40,000 | 13 | Trenitalia | ||
| Roma Termini - Nettuno | 2004 | 40,000 | 12 | Trenitalia |
| Line | Terminals | Year opened | Daily ridership | Length | Stations | Operator |
| Porta San Paolo-Cristoforo Colombo | 1924 | 90,000 | 14 | Cotral | ||
| Rome Flaminio-Civita Castellana-Viterbo | 1913 | 31 | Cotral | |||
| Termini Laziali-Giardinetti | 1916 | 19 | ATAC |
Buses
Rome has a comprehensive bus network, including three trolleybus routes. The Metrebus integrated fare system allows holders of tickets and integrated passes to travel on all companies' vehicles, within the validity time of the ticket purchased.Classification of bus routes
Bus routes in Rome are identified by a symbol and a small letter:- U - regular bus routes around Rome, calling at all stops and operating mostly between 5 am and 12 am. These routes include also one summer seasonal route. They are identified by a U letter and a blue background on their number reported on bus stops.
- X - they are 12 bus routes. These routes connect the centre of Rome with some far away suburbs and call at lesser stops than Urban routes and tend to have a higher frequency. On bus stops, they can be identified with a green colour and an X letter.
- E - they are a bunch of bus routes with a reduced timetable and operating mainly through peripheral areas of Rome. The name exact is due to their timetables being strictly adhered to. These routes also include those serving local cemeteries. On bus stops, they are identified with a brown colour and an E letter.
- N - indicates Rome's night bus network, it is made up of 31 lines and serves a large part of the city, the system also includes 4 night lines which respectively cover the routes taken by the metro and the Rome-Lido railway when these are closed. They are active from 23:30 to 5:30 am. At the bus stops the night lines are identified by a midnight blue colour, the letter "N" and an owl next to the line number.
Route numberings and service areas
Most bus routes in Rome have three digits. The route numberings, in such cases, depends from the division in Rome in 10 zones. For instance, in case of route 916 it starts from zone 9 and terminates at Rome Termini station on zone 1.The only exceptions to this system are routes 446 and route 201. Both of which had been established on a previous numbering system not adjourned.
Other features which can be seen are:
Letters:
- C×××
- F
- H
- N
Interurban bus transport
Various coach operators can be found in Rome, such as Flixbus, Marino, Busitalia Fast-SIMET and Baltour, operating various connections nationwide and internationally. These mainly depart from the bus stations in Anagnina and Tiburtina, where hundreds of national and international bus lines converge, in terms of passenger volume, around 8 million per year, it is the largest bus station in Italy.Cotral is the main interurban bus operator in the Lazio region, connecting all the municipalities except from the insular Ponza and Ventotene. Cotral's main departure points in Rome are the bus stations at the metro stops Tiburtina, Anagnina, Cornelia, Ponte Mammolo and Laurentina, connecting the Italian capital to various destinations in the region.
Railways
Rome is one of the major hubs of Italian railway network, along with Milan and Bologna. Located in the center of the Italian Peninsula, Rome is the main railway hub in central Italy, connected by high-speed lines with Florence, Bologna, Milan, Turin, Venice, Naples and Salerno. The other main traffic routes follow - at least in the initial part of the route - the route of the Roman roads: the Tyrrhenian line ; the line northwards initially along the Tiber valley ; the lines towards the Adriatic ; the lines towards the south. The railway infrastructure in Lazio extends for 1,211 km with 163 stations.The main railway station serving the city, Roma Termini, is the busiest station in Italy and one of the largest in Europe. The second largest station in the city is Roma Tiburtina, which is being redeveloped for high-speed rail service. Other notable stations include Roma Ostiense, Roma Trastevere, Roma Tuscolana, Roma San Pietro, Roma Nomentana and Roma Casilina.
Roads
Rome is served by an extensive motorway network. The most important motorway serving the city is the [Autostrada Autostrada A90 (Italy)|A90 (Italy)|A90], also known as Grande Raccordo Anulare or GRA which run in a circle around the city. The GRA is connected to the Roman branch of the [Autostrada Autostrada A1 (Italy)|A1 (Italy)|A1] Milan - Naples and other three motorways which arrive further inside the city: the [Autostrada Autostrada A12 (Italy)|A12 (Italy)|A12] Genoa - Roma, the A24 Teramo - Roma and the A91 Roma - Fiumicino Aeroporto. All maintened by Anas, the Italian road infrastructure manager.- Autostrada del Sole towards Florence-Bologna-Milan to the north and Naples to the south, including the two branches: A1 Northern Rome connection and A1 Southern Rome connection;
- Autostrada Azzurra towards the northern coast of the region, provides a quick connection with the main port of Rome of Civitavecchia;
- Strada dei Parchi, from which the A25 branches off to Pescara, both towards Abruzzo;
- Grande Raccordo Anulare, motorway that surrounds the city of Rome and connects all the motorways in the region. The A90 has no toll.
- Rome-Fiumicino towards Leonardo da Vinci airport, from which the A12 branches off. There is no toll.
Motor Traffic Limited Zone (ZTL)
Chronic congestion caused by cars led to the partial banning of motor traffic from the central part of the city during workdays, from 6 am to 6 pm. This area is called Zona a Traffico Limitato, motor traffic limited zone.Heavy traffic due to night-life crowds during weekends led in recent years to the creation of other ZTLs in the Trastevere, San Lorenzo, Testaccio and Monti districts during the night.
Private mobility is also regulated by the environmental protection areas of the "Anello ferroviario e della Fascia verde", which are closed to the most polluting vehicles either permanently or temporarily; and paid parking in the historic center and surrounding neighborhoods, delimited at street level by blue lines, while white lines indicate free parking.
Cycling and e-scooters
There are several operators in the city that provide bike sharing and e-scooter services. Rome's cycle path network extends for approximately 320km and winds through parks and historic villas and along the city's main streets. The network is equipped with 5000 spaces on about 1000 bike racks, 7 metro stations are equipped with bike boxes.In 2024, the largest construction site for the expansion of Rome's cycle path network began, the "GRAB", a cycle/pedestrian ring that extends for 45 kilometers within the city of Rome, to connect the existing cycle path network and the one currently being designed, in order to make the new infrastructure an integral part of the urban mobility system.
Car sharing
Sustainable mobility is instead encouraged by classic and free-flow car sharing services. Several car sharing operators are active in the city: the public service operated by the municipality of Rome Carsharing Roma, active since 2005; ”Enjoy” brand of Eni; ”Share Now”; ”eCooltra”; ”BikesBooking”; ”LeasysGO!”. The city is served also by a large network of charging stations with 3588 points available, to support electric mobility in the city.Airports
Rome is served by three civil airports. The intercontinental Leonardo Da Vinci Airport is Italy's largest airport both for national and international traffic and is one of the busiest in Europe, serves long-haul, European and domestic flights. It is more commonly known as Fiumicino, as it is located within the territory of the nearby comune of Fiumicino, in the south-west of Rome. The Rome Ciampino Airport is a joint civilian and military airport. These main two airports are owned and managed by Aeroporti di Roma.The third airport serving the city, the Rome Urbe Airport, is a small, low-traffic airport located about north of the city centre, which handles most helicopter and private flights.
A fourth airport in the eastern part of the city, the Aeroporto di Centocelle, is no longer open to civil flights; it hosts the Comando di Squadra Aerea and the Comando Operativo di Vertice Interforze, although large parts of the airport are being redeveloped as a public park.
Trenitalia's Leonardo Express provides a direct and rapid connection between Termini station and Rome Fiumicino "Leonardo da Vinci" airport. The journey takes about half an hour with a train every 15 minutes. The airport is also connected to the FL1 suburban railway line, to the Italian high-speed railway network, and it is connected by the A91 motorway. Fiumicino airport is about 30 km from the center of Rome.
Ciampino airport is instead connected by the FL4 and FL6 suburban railways, via Ciampino railway station, by the ATAC bus lines 720 and 520, shuttle bus services, Cotral and Atral. Ciampino airport is about 15 km from the center of Rome.
Maritime transport
Marina of Rome
The Marina of Rome is a tourist port located in the Ostia district, between its beaches and the mouth of the Tiber. It is managed by the Italian police forces on behalf of the Municipality of Rome and the Lazio Region. It has 833 berths with the possibility of hosting yachts up to 55 meters in length, in addition to a shipyard. It is the main port of arrival in Rome for private maritime transport.Port of Civitavecchia
It is the main connecting port of Rome, commissioned by the Emperor Trajan around 106 BC. Located in Civitavecchia about 1 hour from Rome. It is an important hub for maritime transport in Italy, for goods and passengers, as well as the main Italian cruise port with a traffic of over 3 million passengers per year.Part of the "Motorways of the Sea", it is connected to several ports in the Mediterranean and represents one of the main connections between the Italian mainland and Sardinia, and with several international routes including Barcelona, Malta and Tunis.
It is a multifunctional port, managed by the Port Authority of Civitavecchia, which after the expansion of the district which took place in 2002 and completed in 2003, was extended to the ports of Fiumicino and Gaeta, united under the name of "Ports of Rome and Lazio".