Translative case

In grammar, the translative case is a grammatical case that indicates a change in state of a noun, with the general sense of "becoming X" or "change to X".
In Finnish, it is the counterpart of the essive case, with the basic meaning of a change of state. It is also used for expressing "in ", "considering it is a " and "by ". Its ending is -ksi:

pitkä "long", venyi pitkäksi " stretched long"
englanti "English", En osaa sanoa tätä englanniksi "I can't say this in English"
pentu "cub", Se on pennuksi iso "For a cub, it is big"
musta aukko "black hole", mustaksi aukoksi " a black hole"
kello kuusi " six o' clock", kello kuudeksi "by six o' clock"

Examples in Estonian, where the ending is -ks:

pikk "long", venis pikaks " stretched long"
must auk "black hole", mustaks auguks " a black hole"
kell kuus " six o' clock", kella kuueks "by six o' clock"

In Estonian, translative can also express a temporary or random state. E.g. while a nominative construction would indicate working in a job or profession, as olen koolis õpetaja "I'm a teacher in a school", a similar sentence using translative olen koolis õpetajaks "I work as a teacher in a school" hints at it either being a temporary position, the speaker not being fully qualified, or some other factor of impermanency.
In Hungarian, the ending is -vá / -vé after a vowel; it assimilates to the final consonant otherwise:

só "salt", Lót felesége sóvá változott "Lot's wife turned into salt"
fiú "boy; son" fiává fogad "adopt as one's son"
bolond "fool" bolonddá tett engem "He made a fool out of me."