Tragelaphus
Tragelaphus is a genus of medium-to-large-sized spiral-horned antelopes. It contains several species of bovines, all of which are relatively antelope-like. Species in this genus tend to be large in size and lightly built, and have long necks and considerable sexual dimorphism. Elands, including the common eland, are embedded within this genus, meaning that Taurotragus must be subsumed into Tragelaphus to avoid paraphyly. Alternatively, Taurotragus could be maintained as a separate genus, if the nyala and the lesser kudu are relocated to their own monospecific genera, respectively Nyala and Ammelaphus. Strepsiceros is a generic synonym. Genus Boocercus formerly contained T. eurycerus. The name "Tragelaphus" comes from the mythical tragelaph.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
Tragelaphus is a genus in the tribe Tragelaphini and the family Bovidae. The genus authority is French zoologist Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, who first mentioned it in the journal Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique in 1816. The name is not of modern scientific invention, but comes from ancient Greek τραγέλαφος, from τράγος, meaning a "male goat", and ἔλαφος, meaning a "deer".Extant species
It is generally treated as having eight species, namely:.| Male | Female | Common name | Scientific name | Distribution |
| Bongo | Tragelaphus eurycerus | Kenya, Central and western Africa | ||
| Greater kudu | Tragelaphus strepsiceros | eastern and southern Africa | ||
| Cape bushbuck | Tragelaphus sylvaticus | Cape in South Africa to Angola and Zambia and up the eastern part of Africa to Ethiopia and Somalia. | ||
| Harnessed bushbuck | Tragelaphus scriptus | distributed from Senegal and southern Mauritania across the Sahel, east to Ethiopia, and south to Angola and the southern Democratic Republic of the Congo. | ||
| Lesser kudu | Tragelaphus imberbis | Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda | ||
| Mountain nyala | Tragelaphus buxtoni | central Ethiopia. | ||
| Lowland nyala or Nyala | Tragelaphus angasii | Eswatini, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. | ||
| Sitatunga | Tragelaphus spekii | Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, parts of Southern Sudan, Equatorial Guinea, Burundi, Ghana, Botswana, Rwanda, Zambia, Gabon, the Central African Republic, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya. |
An alternative classification, supported by genetic data, would recognise 11 species in five groups, which could be treated as subgenera or full genera: Nyala for T. angasii; Ammelaphus for T. imberbis; Taurotragus for the two elands ; Strepsiceros for T. strepsiceros and Tragelaphus restricted to T. buxtoni, T. spekei, T. scriptus, T. sylvaticus and T. eurycerus. In terms of divergence time estimates, a 2006 study showed that core Tragelaphus diverged from Taurotragus towards the end of the Late Miocene.