Tishrei
Tishrei or Tishri is the first month of the civil year and the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Hebrew calendar. The name of the month is Babylonian. It is a month of 30 days. Tishrei usually occurs in September–October on the Gregorian calendar.
In the Hebrew Bible the month is called Ethanim, or simply the seventh month. In the Babylonian calendar the month is known as Araḫ Tišritum, "Month of Beginning".
Edwin R. Thiele has concluded, in The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, that the ancient Kingdom of Judah counted years using the civil year starting in Tishrei, while the Kingdom of Israel counted years using the ecclesiastical new year starting in Nisan. Tishrei is the month used for the counting of the epoch year – i.e., the count of the year is incremented on 1 Tishrei.
Holidays
- 1–2 Tishrei – Rosh Hashanah
- 3 Tishrei – Tzom Gedaliah – – On Tishrei 4 when Tishrei 3 is Shabbat
- 9 Tishrei – Erev Yom Kippur
- 10 Tishrei – Yom Kippur –
- 15–21 Tishrei – Sukkot/Sukkos
- 21 Tishrei – Hoshanah Rabbah
- 22 Tishrei – Shemini Atzeret/Atzeres & Simchat Torah/Simchas Torah
In Jewish history and tradition
- 1 Tishrei – Adam and Eve were created, according to one opinion in the Talmud.
- 1 Tishrei – Daf Yomi study regimen is launched.
- 2 Tishrei – HaRav Tuvya and HaRav Yisroel were murdered in a blood libel in Razino.
- 3 Tishrei – Assassination of Gedaliah; now a fast day.
- 4 Tishrei – King Louis XIV expelled the Jews from all French territories in America.
- 5 Tishrei – Rabbi Akiva is arrested.
- 6 Tishrei – The German Wehrmacht murdered 100 Jews in Lukov, Poland during the Nazi invasion of Poland.
- 7 Tishrei – Taanit tzaddikim commemorating God's decree that the Dor Hamidbar died in the wilderness because of the sin of the Eigel HaZahav / Golden Calf.
- 8 Tishrei – 14-day dedication of Solomon's Temple begins.
- 9 Tishrei – Death of the Tanna R' Elazar ben Rab' Shimon.
- 10 Tishrei – Moses returns from a final trip to Mount Sinai, bearing a second set of tablets and a message of forgiveness for the Golden Calf.
- 10 Tishrei – The armies of Egypt, Syria, and other Arab states attack Israeli positions in the Sinai and Golan Heights, beginning the Yom Kippur War.
- 11 Tishrei – The Baal Shem Tov wrote that the day after Yom Kippur is an even greater holiday than Yom Kippur itself, a day called "Bshem HaShem" or in Yiddish "Gott's Nomen", literally "The Name of God".
- 13 Tishrei - Passing of the Rebbe Maharash, the 4th Chabad Rebbe.
- 16 Tishrei – The Jewish population of Krems, Germany, was massacred in the Black Death riots.
- 18 Tishrei – Death of Rabbi Nachman of Breslov
- 22 Tishrei - Hamas, alongside several other Palestinian militias, launched the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, starting the Gaza war.
- 25 Tishrei – Death of Rabbi Levi Yitzchok of Berditchev