The Three Heads of the Well
The Three Heads in the Well is a fairy tale collected by Joseph Jacobs in English Fairy Tales.
It is Aarne-Thompson-Uther tale type ATU 480, The Kind and Unkind Girls. Others of this type include Shita-kiri Suzume, Diamonds and Toads, Mother Hulda, Father Frost, The Three Little Men in the Wood, The Enchanted Wreath, The Old Witch, and The Two Caskets. Literary variants include The Three Fairies and Aurore and Aimée.
Publication
The tale is also known as The Three Golden Heads at the Well, The Three Golden Heads, and The Princess of Colchester.Synopsis
In the days before King Arthur, a king held his court in Colchester. He had a beautiful daughter by his beautiful wife. When his wife died, he married a hideous widow with a daughter of her own, for her riches, and his new wife set him against his daughter. His daughter begged leave to go and seek her fortune, and he permitted it, and his wife gave her brown bread, hard cheese, and a bottle of beer.She goes on her way and sees an old man sitting on a stone. When he asks what she has, she tells him and offers him some. After they eat, he tells her how to get through a hedge, and that she will find three golden heads in a well there, and should do whatever they tell her.
The heads ask her to comb them and wash them, and after she does so, one says she shall be beautiful, the next that she will have a sweet voice, and the third that she shall be fortunate and queen to the greatest prince that reigns.
She goes on, and a king sees her and falls in love with her. They marry and go back to visit her father. Her stepmother is enraged that her stepdaughter and not her daughter gained all this, and sent her daughter on the same journey, with rich dresses, sugar, almonds, sweetmeats, and a bottle of rich wine. The daughter was rude to the old man, and slighted the three heads, and they curse her with leprosy, a harsh voice, and marriage to a cobbler.
She goes on. A cobbler offers to cure her leprosy and voice if she will marry him, and she agrees.
Her mother, finding she had married a cobbler, hangs herself, and the king gives his stepdaughter's husband a hundred pounds to quit the court and live elsewhere.
Analysis
Tale type
The tale is classified in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as type ATU 480, "The Kind and Unkind Girls". The oldest record of this story exists in Old Wives' Tale, published in 1595, by author George Peele.Motifs
The Heads at the Well
Scholar Warren Roberts names this group of stories "The Three Heads at the Well Group", and along other scholars, locates variants in England and in Anglo-American tradition, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, across Scandinavia and in Germany.Folklorist Herbert Halpert, in turn, asserted that in American and English variants of the tale type, two narratives exist: one like The Three Heads of the Well, and another he dubbed Long Leather Bag.