House of Keys


The House of Keys is the directly elected lower house of Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man, the other branch being the Legislative Council.

History

The oldest known reference to the name is in a document of 1417, written in Latin by an English scholar, which refers to Claves Mann and Claves Legis. There is a dispute, however, over the origin of the name. The word keys is thought by some to be an English corruption of a form of the Norse verb . However, a more likely explanation is that it is a mishearing of the Manx-language term for "four and twenty": wikt:kiare#Manx, the House having always had 24 members. The Manx-language name of the House remains Yn Kiare as Feed.

Governance

Members are known as Members of the House of Keys. Citizens over the age of 16 may vote, while one must be at least 18 years old and a resident of the island for three years to be elected an MHK. There are 12 constituencies, mainly based on the sheadings and on local government units. Each sends two members to the House of Keys, elected by plurality voting. The term of the House of Keys is normally fixed at five years, but provisions exist for dissolution before the expiration of the term.
The Speaker of the House of Keys is an MHK elected by the Keys as the presiding officer. The Speaker votes in the House of Keys, but, unlike other members, may abstain; however, when the vote is tied the Speaker must cast the deciding vote. The Speaker also acts as Deputy President of Tynwald Court.
The House of Keys elects 8 of the 11 members of the Legislative Council. Legislation does not usually originate in the council. Thus, the Keys have much more power than the council, which performs the function of a revising chamber.
The House of Keys meets about once each month together with the Legislative Council in a joint session called Tynwald Court. During the COVID pandemic, these meetings were more frequent. The President of Tynwald, elected by both branches, presides over Tynwald Court and over the Legislative Council. Once each year, however, on Tynwald Day, the Isle of Man's national day, the Lieutenant Governor presides.

Meeting place

The House of Keys usually meets in their chamber in the Legislative Buildings in Douglas. Seating is allocated in alphabetical order by constituency name and organised into two rows. Members who received the highest number of votes in their constituency sit in the front row. On 14 March 2017 the Keys met in the Old House of Keys in Castletown, for the first time since 1874, to commemorate the sesquicentenary of the first elected House of Keys. During the COVID pandemic, these meetings were sometimes held remotely.

Elections

Membership