Duke of Norfolk


Duke of Norfolk is a title in the Peerage of England. The premier non-royal peer, the Duke of Norfolk is additionally the premier duke and earl in the English peerage. The seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle in Sussex, although the title refers to the county of Norfolk. The current duke is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk. The dukes have historically been Catholic, a state of affairs known as recusancy in England.
All past and present dukes have been descended from Edward I. The son of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, was Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey; the earl was descended from Edward III. As all subsequent dukes after Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk are descendants of the Earl of Surrey, this means they are also descended from Edward III.

Duties and other titles

In addition to the ducal title, the dukes of Norfolk also hold the hereditary position of Earl Marshal, which has the duty of organising state occasions such as the coronation of the monarch and the state opening of Parliament. For the last five centuries, save some periods when it was under attainder, both the dukedom and the earl-marshalship have been in the hands of the Howard family. According to the House of Lords Act 1999, due to his duties as Earl Marshal, Norfolk is one of only two hereditary peers automatically admitted to the House of Lords, without being elected by the general body of hereditary peers.
The Duke of Norfolk participates in the formal ceremony surrounding the annual State Opening of Parliament held at the Palace of Westminster each year. He is among the four individuals who precede the monarch in procession to the House of Lords chamber, and one of the two of these who would traditionally walk facing the sovereign, though this has not been practised in recent years.
As the Earl Marshal, the Duke of Norfolk is head of the College of Arms, through which he regulates all matters connected with armorial bearings and standards, in addition to controlling the arrangements for state functions. He is one of three claimants to the title of Chief Butler of England.
The Duke of Norfolk currently holds the following subsidiary titles :
All titles are in the Peerage of England, save for the most recent, the Barony of Howard of Glossop which is in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. All descend to heirs male except the Barony of Beaumont, which can pass in the female line. The style Earl of Arundel is used as a courtesy title by the Duke's eldest son, the present holder being Henry Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel. The style Lord Maltravers is used as a courtesy title by the eldest son of the Duke's eldest son.

Residences

The main residences commonly associated with the Dukes of Norfolk are: Framlingham Castle, Bungay Castle, as well as Clun Castle in Shropshire, which are now largely ruins; Worksop Manor, Carlton Towers, Norfolk House in London, and most notably Arundel Castle.
Framlingham Castle was originally a part of the properties of the Earls of Norfolk, but when the title fell from use, the castle was administered by the crown. In 1397, it was given to Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, by King Richard II. And when the Mowbray line became extinct, it passed eventually to the Howard family. Major repairs to this castle were carried out in 1485 by John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk. The castle would remain in the Howard family, and thus the Dukes of Norfolk, for a while, but would eventually pass from their possession. In 1553, for example, Framlingham was given to Mary Tudor, sister of King Edward VI.
Bungay Castle, in Bungay, Suffolk, was also originally a part of the properties of the Earls of Norfolk. In 1483, it passed into the possession of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, and the family continued to own it, apart from brief periods, until the late 20th century. However, the castle has long been in a state of decay. Consequently, in 1987, the 17th Duke of Norfolk presented the castle to the town, which had already begun its own restoration attempts, along with an endowment for funding towards its preservation. It is now owned and administered by the Castle Trust.
Carlton Towers is in Carlton, North Yorkshire. It is a Victorian gothic country house remodelled by Edward Welby Pugin for the 8th Baron Beaumont. It is the Yorkshire home of the Duke of Norfolk. Though the Duke of Norfolk's family still live in part of the house, it is now largely used for wedding receptions and similar events.
Arundel Castle in West Sussex has been the principal seat of the Dukes of Norfolk and their ancestors for more than 850 years. Built in the 11th century by Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Arundel, the castle was seized by the crown in 1102. Some 50 years later, in 1155, [Henry II of England|King Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk|Henry II], who had added on to the castle, confirmed William d'Aubigny as Earl of Arundel; he was given the honour, title and castle of Arundel. Arundel Castle is still to this day the home of The Duke and Duchess of Norfolk and their children. The Fitzalan Chapel, founded in 1390 by the 4th Earl of Arundel, is located on the western grounds outside the castle, and has been the burial place of the most recent Dukes of Norfolk.
Glossop Hall is an occasional residence of the Dukes, situated in the High Peak District of Derbyshire. As the family became closely connected with Sheffield, the Farm in Glossop became increasingly used, particularly: when Henry Howard lived there in the 1760s; when the 14th Duke enlarged The Farm as an occasional residence; and during the time of the 15th Duke, Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard, who had an interest in the activities of the city. The Glossop estate was sold by the family in 1925.

List of titleholders

Dukes of Norfolk (1483)

The heir apparent is the Duke's eldest son, Henry Miles Fitzalan-Howard, styled Earl of Arundel.

Remainder

In 1660, the 23rd Earl of Arundel was restored to the Dukedom of Norfolk with remainder to:
  1. the heirs male of his body
  2. the heirs male of his father Henry Howard, the 22nd Earl
  3. #Hon. Henry Howard
  4. #Hon. Philip Howard
  5. #Hon. Charles Howard
  6. #Hon. Talbot Howard
  7. #Hon. Edward Howard
  8. #Hon. Francis Howard
  9. #Hon. Bernard Howard
  10. #Hon. Esme Howard
  11. #Hon. John Howard
  12. the heirs male of his grandfather Thomas Howard, 21st Earl
  13. #Henry Howard, the 22nd Earl
  14. #William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford
  15. the heirs male of his great-grandfather Philip Howard, 20th Earl, eldest son of the fourth Duke
  16. #Thomas Howard, 21st Earl
  17. the heirs male in the line of descent from Thomas Howard, younger half-brother of Philip Howard, 20th Earl
  18. #Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk
  19. #Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire
  20. #Hon. Henry Howard
  21. #Hon. Sir Charles Howard
  22. #Hon. Sir Robert Howard
  23. #Hon. Sir William Howard
  24. #Edward Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick
  25. the heirs male descended from Lord William Howard, younger half-brother of Philip Howard, 20th Earl:
  26. #the heirs male in the senior line of descent from Lord William Howard through his elder son Sir Philip Howard, grandfather of the first Earl of Carlisle
  27. #the heirs male in the junior line of descent from Lord William Howard through his second son Francis, ancestor of the Howards of Corby Castle, Cumberland, England.
In the event all the currently extant lines of descent from the fourth Duke fail in the male line, the Dukedom of Norfolk and its subsidiary titles will become extinct; though there exists a currently extant branch of the Howard dynasty, the Earls of Effingham, in descent from the second Duke, their line was unaccountably omitted from the 1660 remainder.

Succession to the Dukedom

Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk

Knights of the Garter

The following list is of the dukes of Norfolk, along with their year of investiture, who were also knights of the Order of the Garter across all creations of the title.