Thai Ruesi
In Southeast Asia—particularly in Thailand—the Indian concept of the rishi developed into the figure of the Ruesi. They are often depicted with topknots, tiger-skin robes, and long beards, and appear in amulets, murals, and religious rituals.
Their authority draws from both Buddhist and pre-Buddhist traditions, blending Indian, Khmer, and indigenous beliefs. While rooted in Vedic and Buddhist ideals, the Thai Ruesi also embodies local animist practices, warrior-ascetic symbolism, and traditional healing arts.
Role and significance
Ruesis are forest-dwelling hermits revered for their supernatural wisdom, healing skills, meditation, and mastery of traditional spiritual practices. Honored as spiritual mentors and protectors, they are believed to reside in remote forests, mountains, or caves, where they practice strict asceticism and deep meditation. Historically, the Thai royal court, traditional healers, and performing arts lineages paid respect to Ruesis for their divine knowledge and protective powers.At temples such as Wat Pho in Bangkok, statues of Ruesis demonstrate yoga-like postures known as Ruesi Dat Ton, a healing practice that combines physical stretches, breath control, and meditation.
The 108 Ruesi
The “108 Ruesi” are legendary ascetics who represent the full range of esoteric knowledge. The number 108, significant in Buddhism and Hinduism, is symbolic rather than literal. Each Ruesi is said to embody a particular domain of wisdom—such as herbal medicine, astrology, or protective incantations—and they are often honored collectively in temple murals and rituals.Rituals and worship
Ruesi veneration is central to the Khrop khru ceremony, a teacher-honoring rite performed in Thai traditional arts and spiritual practices. During this ritual, mediums may enter trances believed to be possessions by the spirits of Ruesis. Devotees recite Kata Bucha to request blessings for health, protection, and guidance.Amulets, masks, and statues of Ruesis are commonly worn or kept in homes and workplaces for spiritual protection. They are particularly popular among traditional healers, martial artists, and performers seeking success and safety.