Temesvár District
Temesvár District was one of five administrative districts of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, existing from 1851 to 1860. The original German term was Districte,, and was changed to Kreis,, in 1854. Its administrative centre was Temesvár, which was also the capital of the crown land. Following the 1854 reform, Temesvár itself was directly subject to the crown land, and so separate from the district, while still acting as its capital.
History
The Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar crown land was formed in 1849. In 1851, it was divided into five districts: Lugos, Temesvár, Groß-Becskerek, Zombor, and Neusatz. Temesvár District was based on the former territory of the Hungarian Temes County.In German, the original term used for these subdivisions was Districte. In 1851 they were divided into subdivisions called Districts of Austria, usually translated as ' districts'.
In Bach's reforms from 1853 the Districte became Kreis, a form of administrative division already in use across much of the non-Hungarian part of the Empire since the 18th century. The term Kreis, literally 'circle', is also often translated as 'district'. The subdivisions of the Kreise were also called Bezirke in German, or to distinguish them from other types of Bezirk. The change of name was not superficial – different political, administrative, and judicial structures were used in each subdivision type.
In 1860, the crown land and its five districts were abolished; the territory of the Temesvár District reverted to Temes County under Hungary.
Geography
The Temesvár District comprised the central parts of Banat. It shared borders with the Groß-Becskerek District to the west, Lugos District to the east, the Banat Military Frontier in the south, and the Hungarian Arad County in the north. Until 1849, it had been the Hungarian Temes County.Subdivisions
In 1851, Temesvár District was subdivided into 5 political districts, which were structurally akin to the modern districts of Austria :The city of Temesvár was separate from the political districts; the Temesvár district covered the area around the city, which acted as its seat/capital.
In 1854 Temesvár District, was subdivided into 6 'office districts' :
The city of Temesvár, as the capital of the crown land, was a statutory city directly subordinate to the Statthalterei and not part of the district. It did however act as its seat and administrative centre.