Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency


Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency is an Indonesian non-departmental government agency for meteorology, climatology, and geophysics.
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History

Its history began on 1841 with individual observation conducted by Dr. Onnen, the head of hospital in Bogor, and was established as a formal government institution on 1866 by the Dutch East Indies government by the name of Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory. The agency name changed several times and its current name was given on 6 September 2008.

Tropical Cyclone Warning Center

Since 1986 the BMKG, has run a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center, within their headquarters in Jakarta. Over the next 12 seasons, the TCWC named and issued international warnings for the area from the Equator to 10°S between 90°E and 125°E. In 1998, the World Meteorological Organization's RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee recommended that TCWC Perth, in Australia take over warning responsibility on an interim basis until the BMKG's staff had the training to run the TCWC. TCWC Perth then took over the warning and naming responsibilities until the 2007–08 season when they handed it back to TCWC Jakarta. The first depression to be named by TCWC Jakarta came later that year when Cyclone Durga became a Tropical Cyclone within their area of responsibility. During the next two seasons TCWC Jakarta, monitored several tropical cyclones in the North Western Pacific Ocean and the Australian region. At the start of the 2010–11 season, TCWC Jakarta's area of responsibility was then extended out to include the region from the Equator to 10°S between 125°E and 141°E.

Organization

Based on Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency Regulation No. 2/2024, the BMKG consisted of:
  1. Office of the Head of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency
  2. Main Secretariat
  3. # Bureau of Planning
  4. # Bureau of Law, Public Relation, and Cooperation
  5. # Bureau of General Affairs and Finance
  6. # Bureau of Human Resources and Organization Affairs
  7. Deputy I
  8. # Directorate of Aviation Meteorology
  9. # Directorate of Maritime Meteorology
  10. # Directorate of Public Meteorology
  11. Deputy II
  12. # Directorate of Climate Change
  13. # Directorate of Applied Climate Services
  14. Deputy III
  15. # Directorate of Earthquake and Tsunamis
  16. # Directorate of Seismologic Engineering, Potential Geophysics, and Signs
  17. Deputy IV
  18. # Directorate of Instrumentation and Calibration
  19. # Directorate of Data and Computation
  20. # Directorate of Network and Communication Systems
  21. Deputy V
  22. # Directorate of Weather Modification Administration
  23. # Directorate of Weather Modification Operations
  24. Inspectorate
  25. Center for Instrument Standardization of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics
  26. Center for Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Human Resource Development
  27. # State College of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics
  28. Center for Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Functionaries Fostering and Development
  29. Indonesian Institute for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region I, Medan
  30. Indonesian Institute for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region II, Ciputat
  31. Indonesian Institute for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region III, Denpasar
  32. Indonesian Institute for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region IV, Makassar
  33. Indonesian Institute for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region V, Jayapura
Aside of this structure, BMKG maintained 181 meteorological, climatological, and geophysical stations which its operations and management performed by 5 regional Indonesian Institutes for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics responsible.