Sydnone


Sydnones are mesoionic heterocyclic chemical compounds possessing a C5-oxygenated 1,2,3-oxadiazole core, named after the city of Sydney, Australia. Like other mesoionic compounds they are dipolar, possessing both positive and negative charges which are delocalized across the ring.

Discovery

N-phenylsydnone was first prepared in 1935 by and by cyclodehydration of N-Nitroso-N-phenylglycine with acetic anhydride. Later work showed that this could be applied fairly generally to the nitrosamines of N-substituted amino acids.
The parent compound sydnone is not synthetically accessible and may not exist.

Chemical structure

Sydnones have the following resonance structures. The exocyclic oxygen atom has a significant negative charge.
Image:Sydnone Resonance Structures.svg
Recent computational studies have indicated that sydnones and other similar mesoionic compounds are nonaromatic, "though well-stabilized in two separate regions by electron and charge delocalization."

Examples

  • Cefanone
  • Ipramidil
  • 3-Thiomorpholino-sydnonimine
  • The reaction between methyl 3-benzyl-sydnone-4-acetate and diphenylacetylene is described in Ex1 of gives an analog of Bufezolac.
  • Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Coumarinyl Sydnone Derivatives.

Related compounds

A sydnone imine in which the keto group of sydnone has been replaced with an imino group can be found as a substructure in the stimulant drugs feprosidnine and mesocarb.