Susuhunan
Susuhunan, or in short version Sunan, is a title used by the monarchs of Mataram Sultanate and then by the hereditary rulers of Surakarta Sunanate.
Additionally in Bali and Surakarta, so-called "King of Kings" reigned with this title, while their kingdoms were called "Sunanates".
The name Susuhunan is also used as a romantic nickname for loved ones, but also for highly respected public figures. Lovers or mistresses were also referred to with this nickname outside in private. The abbreviation Sunan is also used as a given name.
Names and titles
The full title of the Susuhunan of Surakarta in Javanese is: Sahandhap Sampeyandalem ingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Susuhunan Paku Buwana Senapati ing Alaga Ngabdurrahman Sayyidin Panatagama. This long title is occasionally abbreviated in media with Latin texts as SSISKS, denoting Sahandhap Sampeyandalem Ingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Susuhunan, followed by the regnal name.The rulers of Surakarta traditionally adopt the regnal name Pakubuwono. Susuhunan is specific to the rulers of Surakarta; the rulers of Yogyakarta, who are also descended from the Mataram dynasty, have the title Sultan.
List of Susuhunans of Surakarta
The dates given are for the time ruling.- Pakubuwono II, 1727–1749
- Pakubuwono III, 1749–1788
- Pakubuwono IV, 1788–1820
- Pakubuwono V, 1820–1823
- Pakubuwono VI, 1823–1830
- Pakubuwono VII, 1830–1858
- Pakubuwono VIII, 1859–1861
- Pakubuwono IX, 1861–1893
- Pakubuwono X, 1893–1939
- Pakubuwono XI, 1939–1945
- Pakubuwono XII, 1945–2004
- Pakubuwono XIII, 2004–2025
- Pakubuwono XIV, since 2025