Submasseteric space

The submasseterric space is a fascial [spaces of the head and neck|fascial space of the head and neck]. It is a potential space in the face over the angle of the jaw, and is paired on each side. It is located between the lateral aspect of the mandible and the medial aspect of the masseter muscle and its investing fascia. The term is derived from sub- meaning "under" in Latin and masseteric which refers to the masseter muscle. The submasseteric space is one of the four compartments of the masticator space. Sometimes the submasseteric space is described as a series of spaces, created because the masseter muscle has multiple insertions that cover most of the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible.

Structure

Anatomic boundaries

The boundaries of each submasseteric space are:

the anterior margin of the masseter muscle anteriorly,
the parotid gland posteriorly,
the zygomatic arch superiorly,
the inferior border of the mandible inferiorly,
the lateral surface of the mandibular ramus medially,
the masseter muscle laterally.

Communications

The communications of each submasseteric space are:

to the buccal space anteriorly,
to the pterygomandibular space and the parotid space posteriorly,
to the superficial temporal space superiorly.

In health, the space contains:

the masseteric artery and vein.

Clinical significance

Submasseteric abscesses are relatively rare, and may be confused with a parotid abscess or parotitis. They tend to be chronic. The submasseteric space may be involved by infections that spread from the buccal space. Sometimes mandibular fractures in the region of the angle of the mandible may cause an infection of the submasseteric space. The signs and symptoms of a submasseteric abscess may include marked trismus and swelling in the region of the masseter muscle. The treatment of a submasseteric space infection is usually by surgical incision and drainage, and the incision is placed intra-orally or both intra and extra-orally if other parts of the masticator space are involved.

Odontogenic infections

The submasseteric space is sometimes involved by the spread of odontogenic infections, such as a pericoronal abscess associated with an impacted mandibular third molar when the apices of the tooth lie very close to or within the space.