Stratigraphy of New Zealand


This is a list of the units into which the rock succession of New Zealand is formally divided. As new geological relationships have been discovered new names have been proposed and others are made obsolete. Not all these changes have been universally adopted. This table is based on the 2014 New Zealand Stratigraphic Lexicon. However, obsolete names that are still in use and names postdating the lexicon are included if it aids in understanding.
Names for particular rock units have two parts, a proper name which is almost always a geographic location where the rock is found and a hierarchical rank. This ranking system starts with individual 'beds' of rock which can be grouped into 'members', members are grouped into 'formations', formations into 'subgroups' then 'groups'. In New Zealand, groups are further combined into 'supergroups' or for basement rocks into terranes. Not all of these hierarchical layers are necessarily present within a particular rock succession. Many New Zealand rocks can also have names based on their major rock types, such as the Wooded Peak Limestone or the Hawks Crag Breccia.

Summary of New Zealand high order rock names

New Zealand stratigraphy has also informally been divided into two 'megasequences'. The Austral Superprovince includes all basement rocks and the Zealandia Megasequence refers to those, younger rocks, that cover them. The Austral Superprovince is divided into the Eastern and Western Province, which have seven and two terranes respectively. The Zealandia Megasequence is divided into five supergroups, from oldest to youngest they are the Momotu, Haerenga, Waka, Māui and Pākihi supergroups.

Basement rocks (Austral Superprovince)

Supergroup/TerraneComplex/Group/TerranePeriodLocationSummaryNotable feature
Tākaka terraneHaupiri GroupCambrianTasmanConglomerate and siltstoneOldest rocks in New Zealand
Tākaka terraneDevil River Volcanics GroupCambrian-CambrianTasmanVolcanic rock. Arc igneous rocks and sediments
Tākaka terraneMount Patriarch GroupOrdovicianTasmanMarine. Siltstone and limestone
Tākaka terraneMount Arthur GroupOrdovician-SilurianTasmanMarble, mudstone with conodonts and sparse coralsMount Arthur Marble in which Harwoods Hole is formed.
Tākaka terraneEllis GroupDevonianTasmanSchist and quartzite
Tākaka terraneEdgecumbe GroupCambrian-CambrianFiordlandMeta-conglomerate, sandstone and basalt
Tākaka terraneCameron GroupPaleozoicFiordlandMeta volcanic rocks and sediments
Tākaka terranePegasus GroupPaleozoicStewart IslandSchist
Western ProvinceTuhua IntrusivesPermianNorth Island, South IslandGranite and other plutonic rocks
Buller TerraneGreenland GroupCambrian-OrdovicianWestland, Tasman, FiordlandMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones,Once thought to be Precambrian and New Zealand's oldest rocks
Buller TerraneGolden Bay GroupOrdovician- OrdovicianTasmanSchist, shale and quartzite
Buller TerraneReefton GroupDevonianWest Coast, NelsonSandstone, limestone and mudstone
Buller TerraneFanny Bay GroupOrdovicianFiordlandPelites, semi-pelites, quartzite
Western ProvinceParapara GroupPermian-TriassicTasmanConglomerate, quartzite and slate
Western ProvinceMedian Tectonic ZonePermianNorth and South IslandsMultiple arc sequences
Drumduan TerranePepin GroupJurassicNelsonConglomerate
Drumduan TerraneDrumduan GroupJurassicNelsonMarine. Mudstone, siltstone and tuff
Drumduan TerraneTeetotal GroupTriassicNelsonConglomerate
Drumduan TerraneLargs GroupCretaceousFiordland, SouthlandVolcanic rock. Andesite, tuff and breccia
Drumduan TerranePaterson GroupJurassicStewart IslandSchistose volcaniclastic sediments and volcanic rhyolite and dacite
Brook Street TerraneBrook Street Volcanics GroupPermianNelsonVolcanic rocks and sediments. Mafic-intermediate volcanic island arc
Brook Street TerraneGreenhills GroupPermianSouthlandVolcaniclastic breccia, dolerite, basalt with sandstone and marble
Brook Street TerraneProductus Creek GroupPermian-TriassicSouthlandShallow marine and volcanogenic sediments
Murihiku TerraneHuriwai GroupJurassicWaikato, AucklandMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones, and tuff
Murihiku TerraneApotu GroupJurassicWaikato, AucklandMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones, and tuff
Murihiku TerraneKirikiri GroupJurassic-JurassicWaikato, AucklandMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones, and tuff
Murihiku TerraneRengarenga GroupTriassic-JurassicWaikato, AucklandMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones, and tuff
Murihiku TerraneNewcastle GroupTriassic-JurassicWaikatoMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones, and tuff
Murihiku TerraneRichmond GroupTriassicNelsonMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones, and tuff
Murihiku TerraneDiamond Peak GroupJurassicSouthlandMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones, and tuff
Murihiku TerraneFerndale GroupJurassicSouthlandMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones, and tuffCathedral Cave and Curio Bay petrified Forrest, Catlins
Murihiku TerraneMataura GroupJurassicSouthlandMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones, and tuff
Murihiku TerraneNorth Range GroupTriassic- TriassicSouthlandMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones, and tuffRock type exposed in cliffs and sea stacks at Nugget Point, Catlins
Murihiku TerraneTaringatura GroupTriassic-TriassicSouthlandMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones, and tuffRock type exposed in cliffs and sea stacks at Nugget Point, Catlins
Murihiku TerraneKuriwao GroupPermianSouthlandMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones, and tuff
Murihiku TerranePark Volcanics GroupTriassic-JurassicSouthlandVolcanic rock. Andesites
Eastern ProvinceKaka Point Structural BeltTriassicSouthlandMarine. Volcanic sandstones, siltstones
Dun Mountain–Maitai terraneDun Mountain Ultramafics GroupPermianSouth IslandPlutonic rock. Ultramafic rocks and serpentinitesSource of pounamu
Dun Mountain–Maitai terraneLivingstone Volcanic GroupPermianSouth IslandVolcanic and plutonic rock. Gabbro and basalt flows
Dun Mountain–Maitai terraneMaitai GroupPermian-TriassicSouth IslandMarine. Turbidite sequence and minor conglomerate
Dun Mountain–Maitai terraneOtanomomo ComplexPermianSouthlandPlutonic rock. Gabbro and diorite
Caples TerraneCaples GroupPermian-TriassicNorth and South IslandsGreywacke and ophiolite mélangeGreenstone/Croisilles Mélange
Caples TerraneChrystalls Beach ComplexTriassicSouthlandSchist mélange
Haast SchistKaimanawa SchistJurassicRotoruaSchist
Haast SchistTerawhiti SchistCarboniferous-TriassicWellingtonSchist"The most underwhelming outcrop of schist in New Zealand."
Haast SchistMarlborough SchistCarboniferous – TriassicSouth IslandSchist
Haast SchistAlpine SchistCarboniferous – TriassicSouth IslandSchistSource of pounamu
Haast SchistOtago SchistCarboniferous – JurassicOtagoSchist
Haast SchistChatham SchistTriassicChatham IslandsSchist
Torlesse composite terranePahau TerraneJurassic-CretaceousNorth and South IslandsGreywacke
Torlesse composite terraneKaweka TerraneJurassic-CretaceousRotorua, Hawkes Bay, WanganuiGreywacke
Torlesse composite terraneRakaia TerraneCarboniferous-JurassicNorth and South IslandsGreywackeMain rock type of the Southern Alps
Torlesse composite terraneEsk Head BeltTriassic-CretaceousWairarapa to North CanterburyMélangeBoundary of the Rakaia and Pahau Terranes.
Torlesse composite terranePahaoa GroupCretaceousWairarapaGreywacke
Torlesse composite terraneClent Hills GroupJurassicNorth CanterburyGreywacke
Waipapa Composite TerraneWaipapa GroupTriassic-JurassicNorthland, AucklandGreywacke and chert-basalt mélanges
Waipapa Composite TerraneManaia Hill GroupJurassic-CretaceousWaikato, AucklandGreywacke

Cover sequence (Zealandia Megasequence)

Supergroup/TerraneComplex/Group/TerranePeriodLocationSummaryNotable feature
Momotu SupergroupMatawai GroupCretaceousGisborneMarine. Sandstone, tuff and melangePart of the East Coast Allochthon,
Momotu SupergroupRuatoria GroupCretaceousGisborneVolcanic rockPart of the East Coast Allochthon,
Momotu SupergroupMatakaoa VolcanicsCretaceous- CenozoicGisborneVolcanic rock and sedimentsPart of the East Coast Allochthon,
Momotu SupergroupMangapurupuru GroupCretaceousWairarapa, Hawkes BayMarine. Conglomerate, sandstone and siltstone
Momotu SupergroupPororari GroupCretaceousWest CoastTerrestrial sedimentaryHawks Crag Breccia, uranium mineralization,
Momotu SupergroupHapuku GroupCretaceousMarlboroughMarine. Sandstone and marls
Momotu SupergroupCoverham GroupCretaceous-CretaceousMarlboroughMarine. Siltstone and sandstone
Momotu SupergroupWallow GroupCretaceousMarlboroughVolcanic and sedimentary rocks.
Momotu SupergroupMount Somers Volcanics GroupCretaceousCanterburyIntermediate to silicic volcanic flows and domes
Momotu SupergroupWaihere Bay GroupCretaceousChatham IslandsSandstone and conglomerate
Momotu SupergroupPitt Island GroupCretaceousChatham IslandsVolcanic Rocks. Trachyte, tuffPitt Island
Momotu SupergroupPuysegur GroupCretaceousFiordlandMarine. Sandstone, siltstone rare conglomerate.
Momotu SupergroupMatakea GroupCretaceous-CretaceousOtagoTerrestrial. Breccia, conglomerate and coal
Momotu SupergroupHoiho GroupCretaceousGreat South BasinTerrestrial. Sandstone and conglomerate, with minor coalPossible hydrocarbon source rock in Great South Basin
Momotu SupergroupHouhora Complex CretaceousNorthlandVolcanic rocks and sediments
Momotu SupergroupTangihua ComplexCretaceousNorthland AucklandBasalt, sandstone, mudstonePart of the Northland Allochthon
Momotu SupergroupTupou ComplexCretaceousNorthlandMarine. Sandstone and mudstonePart of the Northland Allochthon
Momotu SupergroupNgahape Volcanic ComplexCretaceous-PaleoceneWairarapaPlutonic rock. basalt sills with minor dolerite, breccia and teschenite
Momotu SupergroupMandamus Igneous ComplexCretaceousCanterburyVolcanic rock. basalt
Momotu SupergroupTapuaenuku Igneous ComplexCretaceousMarlboroughDike swarm and cumulates
Haerenga SupergroupMotatau ComplexEocene-OligoceneNorthlandSandstone, LimestonePart of the Northland Allochthon.
Haerenga SupergroupMangakahia ComplexCretaceous-EoceneNorthland, AucklandMudstonePart of the Northland Allochthon,
Haerenga SupergroupTe Kuiti GroupEocene-OligoceneWaikato, Northland, AucklandSandstone, Coal, Limestone
Haerenga SupergroupMoa GroupPaleocene-EoceneTaranakiMarine.
Haerenga SupergroupKapuni GroupPaleocene-EoceneTaranaki, TasmanTerrestrial. AlluviumRocks forming the cliff and sea stacks around Cape Farewell and Wharariki Beach,
Haerenga SupergroupTinui GroupCretaceous-PaleoceneWairarapa, GisborneMarine. Mudstone and sandstoneDinosaur fossils,
Haerenga SupergroupMangatu GroupPaleocene-OligoceneGisborneMarine. Mudstone and sandstone
Haerenga SupergroupTora GroupCretaceous-EoceneWairarapaMarine. Mudstone, sandstone and greensand
Haerenga SupergroupJenkins GroupEocene-MioceneNelsonCoal
Haerenga SupergroupRapahoe GroupEocene-OligoceneWestlandMarine and marginal marine sediments
Haerenga SupergroupPakawau GroupCretaceousNelson, TaranakiCoal Measures
Haerenga SupergroupPaparoa Coal MeasuresCretaceous-PaleoceneWestlandCoal Measures
Haerenga SupergroupEyre GroupCretaceous-OligoceneMarlboroughVolcanic and sedimentary rock. Basalt and greensandPlesiosaur fossils in the Conway Formation,
Haerenga SupergroupMuzzle GroupCretaceous-PaleoceneMarlboroughMarine. Mudstone, greensand, limestone and volcanic rock
Haerenga SupergroupSeymour GroupCretaceousMarlboroughMarine. Sandstone and limestone
Haerenga SupergroupTioriori GroupPaleocene-EoceneChatham IslandsMarine. Limestone and greensand
Haerenga SupergroupKekerione GroupPaleocene-EoceneChatham IslandsMarine and volcanic rock. Limestone, tuff and volcanic rock
Haerenga SupergroupAnnick GroupEoceneSouthlandTerrestrial. Sandstone and siltstone
Haerenga SupergroupOnekakara GroupCretaceous-OligoceneOtago, CanterburyMarine. SiltstoneHost for the Moeraki Boulder concretions
Haerenga SupergroupMatakea GroupCretaceous- CretaceousOtagoTerrestrial and marine. Sandstone and coal
Haerenga SupergroupOhai GroupCretaceousSouthlandTerrestrial. Breccia, sandstone and coal
Haerenga SupergroupNightcaps GroupEocene-OligoceneSouthlandTerrestrial. Coal and sandstoneNightcaps coal mines
Haerenga SupergroupBalleny GroupEocene-OligoceneFiordlandTerrestrial and marine
Haerenga SupergroupPakaha GroupCretaceous-PaleoceneGreat South BasinMarine. MudstonePossible hydrocarbon source rock in Great South Basin
Haerenga SupergroupRakiura GroupPaleocene-EoceneGreat South BasinMarine. Mudstone
Haerenga SupergroupCampbell Island GroupCretaceous-OligoceneCampbell IslandMarine. LimestoneCampbell Island,
Haerenga SupergroupNon-Grouped formationEoceneNelson, West CoastTerrestrial sedimentaryBrunner Coal Measures and the Brunner Mine,
Waka SupergroupMotatau ComplexEocene-OligoceneAucklandMarine, Limestones and calcareous mudstonesPart of the Northland Allochthon.
Waka SupergroupTangihua ComplexCretaceousAuckland and NorthlandVolcanic rock.BasaltPart of the Northland Allochthon.
Waka SupergroupTe Kuiti GroupEocene-OligoceneWaikato, Northland, AucklandMarine, minor terrestrial. Clastic and biogenic sedimentsHost rock of the Waitomo Caves and the Piercy Island hole in the rock.
Waka SupergroupNgatoro GroupOligoceneTaranakiMarine. Sandstone, limestone and greensand
Waka SupergroupMangatu GroupPaleocene-OligoceneGisborneMarine. Mudstone and sandstone
Waka SupergroupNile GroupOligocene-MioceneWestlandMarine. LimestonesPunakaiki Rocks and Oparara Basin Arches.
Waka SupergroupMotunau GroupOligocene-PleistoceneNorth CanterburyMarine. Quartzose sandstone and minor siltstone
Waka SupergroupCookson Volcanics GroupOligoceneNorth CanterburyVolcanic Rock.
Waka SupergroupKekenodon GroupOligocene-MioceneSouth CanterburyGlauconitic sandstone and sandy limestoneKokoamu Greensand and the Castle Hill climbing area
Waka SupergroupAlma GroupEocene- OligoceneOtago, South CanterburyMarine. Limestone, marl and volcanic rocksOamaru Stone and volcanic rocks in the cliffs around Oamaru.
Waka SupergroupBalleny GroupEocene-OligoceneFiordlandBreccia
Waka SupergroupWaiau GroupOligocene-MioceneSouthlandMarine and terrestrial. Conglomerate, breccia, limestone and sandstone
Māui SupergroupReinga GroupCretaceous-PaleoceneNorthlandTerrestrial, minor marine. Conglomerates and fluvial deposits
Māui SupergroupParengarenga GroupOligocene-MioceneNorthlandMarine. Sandstone and mudstone
Māui SupergroupCoromandel GroupMiocene-PlioceneCoromandelVolcanic rockHard rock gold mines on the Coromandel Peninsula
Māui SupergroupWaitakere GroupEarly MioceneAucklandVolcanic rock. Basaltic-andesite and conglomerateLion Rock, Piha
Māui SupergroupOtaua GroupOligocene-MioceneNorthlandMarine. Mudstone with minor sandstone
Māui SupergroupTi Point GroupMiocene-HoloceneNorthlandVolcanic rock
Māui SupergroupWhitianga GroupMiocene-PleistoceneCoromandel, Auckland, NorthlandVolcanic rock. Rhyolite lava dome and ignimbrite, minor sediments
Māui SupergroupWaitemata GroupMioceneAucklandMarine. TurbiditesSea cliffs around Waitematā Harbour.
Māui SupergroupKiwitahi Volcanic GroupMioceneAuckland, Waikato, RotoruaVolcanic rock. Andesite
Māui SupergroupWhakamarama GroupPleistoceneBay of PlentyVolcanic rock. Andesite and ignimbrite
Māui SupergroupWai-iti GroupMioceneTaranakiMarine. Sandstone and mudstone
Māui SupergroupWhangamomona GroupMiocene-PlioceneTaranaki, Waikato, WanganuiMarine. Sandstone and siltstone
Māui SupergroupMokau GroupMioceneTaranaki, Waikato, WanganuiTerrestrial. Sandstone and coal
Māui SupergroupMahoenui GroupMioceneTaranakiMarine. Turbidites
Māui SupergroupTolaga GroupMioceneGisborneMarine. Sandstone, limestone and mudstone
Māui SupergroupAwatere GroupMiocene-PlioceneMarlboroughMarine. Conglomerate and sandstone
Māui SupergroupBlue Bottom GroupMiocene-PlioceneWestland, NelsonMarine. Calcareous sandstone and siltstone
Māui SupergroupRappahannock GroupMiocene- PleistoceneNelsonTerrestrial. Sandstone and conglomerate
Māui SupergroupMotunau GroupOligocene- PleistoceneNorth CanterburyMarine. Glauconitic, calcareous sandstone, with minor siltstone
Māui SupergroupBurnt Hill GroupOligocene-PlioceneNorth CanterburyMarine, minor terrestrial. Basalt breccia and sandstone
Māui SupergroupDiamond Harbour Volcanic GroupMioceneEarly)North CanterburyVolcanic rock.BasaltBanks Peninsula Volcano, Christchurch.
Māui SupergroupMount Herbert Volcanic GroupMioceneNorth CanterburyVolcanic rock.BasaltBanks Peninsula Volcano, Christchurch.
Māui SupergroupAkaroa Volcanic GroupMioceneNorth CanterburyVolcanic rock. Basaltic to trachytic lava flowsBanks Peninsula Volcano, Christchurch.
Māui SupergroupLyttelton Volcanic GroupMioceneNorth CanterburyVolcanic rock.BasaltBanks Peninsula Volcano, Christchurch.
Māui SupergroupDunedin Volcanic GroupMioceneEastern OtagoVolcanic rock. Multi phase shield volcanoOtago Peninsula and the north side of Otago Harbour.
Māui SupergroupEast Southland GroupOligocene-MioceneSouthlandTerrestrial.
Māui SupergroupOtakou GroupOligocene- MioceneSouth Canterbury, OtagoMarine. Sandstone, mudstone and limestoneCliff of Caversham Sandstone at Tunnel Beach, Dunedin.
Māui SupergroupManuherikia GroupMiocene-PlioceneOtago, SouthlandTerrestrial. Fluvial sedimentsNew Zealand's only fossilized land mammal ).
Māui SupergroupHawkdun GroupMiocene-PlioceneOtagoTerrestrial. Fluvial sediments
Māui SupergroupWaiau GroupOligocene-MioceneSouthlandMarine, Limestone, sandstone and mass flow conglomerates.
Māui SupergroupPenrod GroupEocene-MioceneGreat South Basin, Campbell IslandMarine.
Pākihi SupergroupNgaio GroupPleistoceneKermadec IslandsVolcanic rock. Breccia, pumice, tephraRaoul Island
Pākihi SupergroupMacauley GroupPleistoceneKermadec IslandsVolcanic rock. Lava, pumiceMacauley Island
Pākihi SupergroupHaszard GroupPleistoceneKermadec IslandsVolcanic rock. tuff, scoriaMacauley Island
Pākihi SupergroupHerald GroupPleistoceneKermadec IslandsVolcanic rock. Volcanics and intercalated sedimentary depositsRaoul Island
Pākihi SupergroupKarioitahi GroupPleistocene-HoloceneNorthland, AucklandTerrestrial. Sand dunesWest coast ironsands, Auckland
Pākihi SupergroupAwhitu GroupPliocene-PleistoceneNorthland, AucklandTerrestrial, sand dunes, alluviumOld sand dunes from Ninety Mile Beach
Pākihi SupergroupTauranga GroupPliocene-PleistoceneBay of Plenty, WaikatoTerrestrial, alluvium, sandstone, pumice
Pākihi SupergroupHauturu Volcanic GroupPliocene-PleistoceneAuckland, NorthlandVolcanic rock, RhyodaciteLittle Barrier Island, Hauraki Gulf
Pākihi SupergroupMayor Island GroupPleistocene-HoloceneBay of PlentyVolcanic rock, RhyoliteForms Mayor Island, Bay of Plenty
Pākihi SupergroupKerikeri Volcanic GroupPliocene-HoloceneAuckland, Northland, WaikatoVolcanic rock, Basaltic flows and scoria conesAuckland volcanic field and Wairere Boulders
Pākihi SupergroupAlexandra Volcanic GroupPliocene-PleistoceneWaikatoVolcanic rock
Pākihi SupergroupOrangiwhao Intrusive GroupPlioceneWaikatoVolcanic rock, Andesite
Pākihi SupergroupWhakamaru GroupPleistoceneRotorua, WaikatoVolcanic rock, Ignimbrite
Pākihi SupergroupPakaumanu GroupPliocene-PleistoceneRotoruaVolcanic rock, Ignimbrite
Pākihi SupergroupOngaroto GroupPleistoceneRotoruaVolcanic rock, Rhyolite lava dome
Pākihi SupergroupMaroa GroupPleistoceneRotoruaVolcanic rock, Ignimbrites and pyroclastic rocks
Pākihi SupergroupTaupō GroupHoloceneRotoruaVolcanic rock, Tephra and ignimbriteTaupō Volcano
Pākihi SupergroupOkataina GroupPleistocene-HoloceneRotoruaVolcanic rock. Tephra, flows and lava domesPart of the Taupō Volcanic Zone
Pākihi SupergroupRuapehu GroupPleistoceneWanganuiVolcanic rock, Andesite and tephraMount Ruapehu
Pākihi SupergroupRotokare GroupPlioceneTaranakiMarine, Sandstone and mudstone
Pākihi SupergroupWhangamomona GroupMiocene-PlioceneTaranaki, Waikato, WanganuiMarine, Sandstone and mudstone
Pākihi SupergroupKidnappers GroupPleistoceneHawkes BayMarine, Turbidites and tuffCape Kidnappers
Pākihi SupergroupOnoke GroupMiocene- PleistoceneWellington, WairarapaMarine, Mudstone, greensand and limestonesBadlands erosion forming the Pūtangirua Pinnacles
Pākihi SupergroupMangaheia GroupMiocene-PlioceneGisborne, Hawkes BayMarine, Sandstone, mudstone, and limestones
Pākihi SupergroupOld Man GroupPliocene- PleistoceneNelsonTerrestrial, minor marine, Gravel and minor sands and mudsCaused by the start of uplift on the Alpine Fault and resultant erosion
Pākihi SupergroupTadmor GroupMiocene-PlioceneNelsonTerrestrial, Gravel and minor sands, peat and muds
Pākihi SupergroupMotunau groupOligocene-PleistoceneNorth CanterburyMarine, Sandstone, greensand and limestones
Pākihi SupergroupKarewa GroupPliocene-PleistoceneChatham IslandsTerrestrial, minor marine, Sand, peat and ash
Pākihi SupergroupHawkdun GroupMiocene-PlioceneOtagoTerrestrial, Gravel, minor sand, mud and brecciaOne source of alluvial gold in Otago
Pākihi SupergroupSolander Island VolcanicsPlioceneFiordlandVolcanic rock, AndesitesSolander Island