Sterculia


Sterculia is a genus of about 180 species of flowering plants in the hibiscus family Malvaceae, subfamily Sterculioideae. It was formerly placed in the now obsolete family Sterculiaceae. Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. Sterculia may be monoecious or dioecious, and its flowers unisexual or bisexual.

Taxonomy

Phylogeny

A 27-million-year-old †Sterculia labrusca leaf fossil is described from the Evros region in Western Thrace, Greece.

Species

, Plants of the World Online accepts the following 183 species:

Deprecated

  • Brachychiton acerifolius Macarthur
  • Brachychiton australis A.Terracc.
  • Brachychiton discolor F. Muell.
  • Brachychiton garrawayae Guymer
  • Brachychiton paradoxus Schott & Endl.
  • Brachychiton populneus R.Br.
  • Cola acuminata Schott & Endl.
  • Cola heterophylla Schott & Endl.
  • Cola nitida Schott & Endl.
  • Sterculia colorata - Scarlet sterculia
  • Firmiana fulgens Corner
  • Firmiana simplex W.Wight
  • Hildegardia barteri Kosterm.
  • Hildegardia cubensis Kosterm.
  • Knema glomerata Merr.
  • Pterygota alata R.Br.
  • Scaphium affine Pierre - Malva nut, Marg Jong
  • Scaphium scaphigerum Guibourt & G.Planch.

    Etymology

The scientific name is taken from Sterculius of Roman mythology, who was the god of manure; this is in reference to the unpleasant aroma of the flowers of this genus.

Ecology

Sterculia species are food plants for the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the leaf miner Bucculatrix xenaula, which feeds exclusively on this genus.

Toxicity and uses

The pods, particularly those of S. foetida, contain seeds reported to be edible, with a taste similar to cocoa. However, the oil contains cyclopropene fatty acids which could be carcinogenic or co-carcinogenic.
Gum karaya is extracted from Sterculia species, and is used as a thickener and emulsifier in foods, as a laxative, and as a denture adhesive. In India, this is sourced from: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madras, Madhya Pradesh and Chhota Nagpur.