Stanisław Herbst
Stanisław Herbst was a Polish historian, researcher of modern history, and military historian. He was a professor at the University of Warsaw and the Dzerzhinsky Political-Military Academy in Warsaw, and was also the president of the Polish Historical Society. Pupils of his included Zdzisław Spieralski and Tomasz Strzembosz.
Biography
Herbst was born in Rakvere, Russian Empire, the son of Wacław Chrobot, a banker and artillery lieutenant, and Maria of Nowohoński. He attended the Stefan Batory Gymnasium and Lyceum in Warsaw. After graduating in 1926, he undertook studies in history and art history at the University of Warsaw. His lecturers included Henryk Mościcki, Wacław Tokarz and Oskar Halecki, under whose supervision he defended his PhD in 1931. From 1933 to 1934, he taught history at the gymnasium in Pruszków, and from 1935 to 1936, he completed studies at Warsaw University of Technology; from 1936 until the outbreak of World War II, he was senior assistant at the Department of Polish Architecture and Art History at Warsaw University of Technology. He also worked at the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment, where he was an official in the Department of Religions and a scientific adviser to ministers.After the outbreak of World War II, he initially worked at the Archive of the Nieśwież Ordnance, then at the antique shop of Czesław Garliński, the National Library and the University Library in Warsaw; together with Piotr Biegański, Stanisław Lorentz and Jan Zachwatowicz, where he saved works of art during the Warsaw Uprising. He was an employee of the Jewish Department in the Information Department of the Information and Propaganda Office of the Home Army Headquarters, where he participated in helping Jewish people prepare materials revealing Nazi war crimes, as well as having maintained contacts with groupings in the Warsaw ghetto, and helping hide people of Jewish nationality in homes in Warsaw. He also took part in secret teaching in the underground Free Polish University.
After the war, Herbst managed the Documentation Department at the State Institute of Art History in Warsaw from 1945 to 1946, then lectured on the history of culture at Warsaw University of Technology from 1946 to 1947. In 1946, he joined professionally with the University of Warsaw. After a habilitation in modern history, he became a lecturer at the Department of Modern Polish History from 1948 to 1956; for some time, Herbst also worked in the university library from 1946 to 1948 as a librarian and custodian. In 1954, he became an associate professor. In the following years, he worked at the Departments of Polish Feudal History from 1956 to 1959, Department of Polish History until the 18th century and Historical Sciences of Support by 1959 and was its head from 1962 to 1968. He also became the curator of the Department of Modern and Recent History from 1967 to 1968 and at the Historical Institute from 1968 to 1973; he became a full-time professor in 1961. He managed numerous extraordinary historical seminars at the university, and was an adviser of about 70 historical dissertations.
In addition to the University of Warsaw, Herbst was associated with the Institute of History at the Polish Academy of Sciences from 1953 to 1961 and was head of the Historical Atlas Unit, the Dzerzhinsky Political-Military Academy in Warsaw from 1957 to 1968 and was head of the Department of Military History and War Art, Mazovian Center for Scientific Research in Warsaw and the Jewish Historical Institute in Poland. In 1945, he was accepted as a member of the Warsaw Scientific Society ; he was the secretary of the Commission of the Historical Atlas of the Polish Lands from 1948 to 1952 and also the secretary of the Commission of the History of Culture and Art from 1950 to 1952. He was an active member of the Polish Historical Society and from 1953 to 1955, he was the secretary, and from 1956 to his death was the president. He was a member of the editorial board of the Historical Review. In addition, he belonged to the Scientific Society in Białystok, the Scientific Society in Gdańsk, the Scientific Society of Płock, and the Scientific Society in Toruń. He took part in the International Historical Congresses in Vienna and Moscow, sat on the Civic Committee for the Reconstruction of the Royal Castle in Warsaw and in the Capital City Council from 1958 to 1962. He collaborated with Christian and scout organizations.
Awards and decorations
Among the prizes and distinctions that Herbst received include the 1st degree award of the Minister of National Defense, the Knight's Cross and Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, Order of the Banner of Labour 2nd class, and title of Teacher of Merit of the Polish People's Republic.A street commemorating Herbst is located in the Ursynów district of Warsaw, between Al. National Education Commission and Capt. Witold Pilecki street.