Demographics of Sri Lanka
This is a demography of the population of Sri Lanka including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the population, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean, also called Ceylon and many other names. It is about the size of Ireland. It is about 28 kilometres off the south-eastern coast of India with a population of about 22 million. Density is highest in the south west where Colombo, the country's main port and industrial center, is located. The net population growth is about 0.7%. Sri Lanka is ethnically, linguistically, and religiously diverse.
Overview
According to the 2012 census the population of Sri Lanka was 20,359,439, giving a population density of 325/km2. The population had grown by 5,512,689 since the 1981 census, equivalent to an annual growth rate of 1.1%. 3,704,470 lived in urban sectors - areas governed by municipal and urban councils.5,131,666 of the population were aged 14 or under whilst 2,525,573 were aged 60 or over, leaving a working age population of 12,702,700. The dependency ratio was 60.2%. The mean age was 32 years and the median age was 31 years. The sex ratio was 94 males per 100 females. The fertility rate for married females aged 15 or over was 2.65 live births. There were 5,264,282 households, of which 3,986,236 were headed by males and 1,278,046 were headed by females.
Of the 15,227,773 aged 15 or over, 10,322,105 were married, 3,927,602 were never married, 792,947 were widowed and 185,119 were divorced or separated.
Of those aged 15 or over, 7,857,370 were economically active, 4,199,558 did housework, 1,431,105 were students, 914,934 were unable to work and 346,084 were pensioners. 521,938 of the economically active were unemployed. 604,540 Sri Lankans were living aboard for more than six months but were intending to return to Sri Lanka, mostly in the Gulf states.
The overall literacy rate for those aged 10 and over was 95.7% but amongst those living in the estate sector it was only 86.1%. Of the 18,615,577 aged 5 or over, 499,563 had received a higher education qualification, 2,293,841 had passed G.C.E. A/L, 3,159,402 had passed G.C.E. O/L and 700,419 had no formal schooling. The remaining 11,962,352 had left school with no qualifications or were currently at school.
Sri Lanka's population is aging faster than any other nation in South Asia and has the fifth highest rapidly growing population of older people in Asia after China, Thailand, South Korea and Japan. In 2015, Sri Lanka's population aged over 60 was 13.9%, by 2030 this will increase to 21% and by 2050 this number will reach 27.4%. Sri Lanka's rapidly growing older population has ignited concerns of the socio-economic challenges that the country will face because of this.
Age groups
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| Total | 9 856 634 | 10 502 805 | 20 359 439 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 879 223 | 864 639 | 1 743 862 | 8.57 |
| 5–9 | 882 108 | 865 644 | 1 747 752 | 8.58 |
| 10–14 | 829 069 | 810 983 | 1 640 052 | 8.06 |
| 15–19 | 819 927 | 824 322 | 1 644 249 | 8.08 |
| 20–24 | 742 316 | 790 567 | 1 532 883 | 7.53 |
| 25–29 | 743 510 | 809 338 | 1 552 848 | 7.63 |
| 30–34 | 796 866 | 842 549 | 1 639 415 | 8.05 |
| 35–39 | 686 037 | 723 040 | 1 409 077 | 6.92 |
| 40–44 | 661 623 | 697 586 | 1 359 209 | 6.68 |
| 45–49 | 618 140 | 667 690 | 1 285 830 | 6.32 |
| 50–54 | 581 293 | 638 167 | 1 219 460 | 5.99 |
| 55–59 | 500 871 | 563 358 | 1 064 229 | 5.23 |
| 60–64 | 425 428 | 492 482 | 917 910 | 4.51 |
| 65-69 | 283 764 | 349 525 | 633 289 | 3.11 |
| 70-74 | 181 846 | 230 568 | 412 414 | 2.03 |
| 75-79 | 116 389 | 166 797 | 283 186 | 1.39 |
| 80-84 | 64 250 | 95 129 | 159 379 | 0.78 |
| 85-89 | 28 293 | 45 148 | 73 441 | 0.36 |
| 90-94 | 9 293 | 14 965 | 24 258 | 0.12 |
| 95+ | 6 388 | 10 308 | 16 696 | 0.08 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 2 590 400 | 2 541 266 | 5 131 666 | 25.21 |
| 15–64 | 6 576 011 | 7 049 099 | 13 625 110 | 66.92 |
| 65+ | 690 223 | 912 440 | 1 602 663 | 7.87 |
Vital statistics
UN estimates
Registered births and deaths
| Year | Population | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate | Rate of natural increase | Crude migration rate | TFR |
| 1948 | 287,695 | 93,711 | 193,984 | 39.7 | 13.0 | 26.7 | - | ||
| 1949 | 291,191 | 91,889 | 199,302 | 39.1 | 12.4 | 26.7 | - | ||
| 1950 | 304,635 | 95,142 | 209,493 | 39.7 | 12.6 | 27.1 | - | ||
| 1951 | 313,662 | 100,072 | 213,590 | 39.8 | 12.9 | 26.9 | - | ||
| 1952 | 313,532 | 95,298 | 218,234 | 38.8 | 12.0 | 26.8 | - | ||
| 1953 | 321,217 | 89,003 | 232,214 | 38.7 | 10.9 | 27.8 | - | ||
| 1954 | 303,894 | 86,794 | 217,100 | 35.7 | 10.4 | 25.3 | - | ||
| 1955 | 325,538 | 94,368 | 231,170 | 37.3 | 11.0 | 26.3 | - | ||
| 1956 | 325,067 | 87,561 | 237,506 | 36.4 | 9.8 | 26.6 | - | ||
| 1957 | 334,135 | 92,759 | 241,376 | 36.5 | 10.1 | 26.4 | - | ||
| 1958 | 335,690 | 90,815 | 244,875 | 35.8 | 9.7 | 26.1 | - | ||
| 1959 | 356,336 | 87,971 | 268,365 | 37.0 | 9.1 | 27.9 | - | ||
| 1960 | 361,702 | 84,918 | 276,784 | 36.6 | 8.6 | 28.0 | - | ||
| 1961 | 363,677 | 81,653 | 282,024 | 35.8 | 8.0 | 27.8 | - | ||
| 1962 | 370,762 | 88,928 | 281,834 | 35.5 | 8.5 | 27.0 | - | ||
| 1963 | 365,842 | 91,673 | 274,169 | 34.1 | 8.5 | 25.6 | - | ||
| 1964 | 361,577 | 95,618 | 265,959 | 33.2 | 8.8 | 24.4 | - | ||
| 1965 | 369,437 | 91,728 | 277,709 | 33.1 | 8.8 | 24.3 | - | ||
| 1966 | 369,153 | 94,419 | 274,734 | 32.3 | 8.3 | 24.0 | - | ||
| 1967 | 369,531 | 87,877 | 281,654 | 31.9 | 7.5 | 24.4 | - | ||
| 1968 | 384,178 | 94,903 | 289,275 | 32.0 | 7.9 | 24.1 | - | ||
| 1969 | 372,774 | 102,356 | 270,418 | 30.4 | 8.1 | 22.3 | - | ||
| 1970 | 367,901 | 94,129 | 273,772 | 29.4 | 7.5 | 21.9 | - | ||
| 1971 | 382,668 | 96,328 | 286,340 | 30.4 | 7.7 | 22.7 | - | ||
| 1972 | 385,462 | 100,080 | 285,382 | 30.0 | 8.1 | 21.9 | - | ||
| 1973 | 367,158 | 100,678 | 266,480 | 28.0 | 7.7 | 20.3 | - | ||
| 1974 | 365,902 | 119,518 | 246,384 | 27.5 | 9.0 | 18.5 | - | ||
| 1975 | 374,689 | 115,108 | 259,581 | 27.8 | 8.5 | 19.3 | - | ||
| 1976 | 380,702 | 106,506 | 274,196 | 27.8 | 7.8 | 20.0 | - | ||
| 1977 | 389,522 | 103,284 | 286,238 | 27.9 | 7.4 | 20.5 | - | ||
| 1978 | 404,831 | 93,971 | 310,860 | 28.5 | 6.6 | 21.9 | - | ||
| 1979 | 417,986 | 94,244 | 323,742 | 28.9 | 6.5 | 22.4 | - | ||
| 1980 | 418,373 | 91,020 | 327,353 | 28.4 | 6.2 | 22.2 | - | ||
| 1981 | 423,973 | 88,481 | 335,492 | 28.2 | 5.9 | 22.3 | - | ||
| 1982 | 408,895 | 92,244 | 316,651 | 26.9 | 6.1 | 20.8 | - | ||
| 1983 | 405,122 | 95,174 | 309,948 | 26.3 | 6.2 | 20.1 | - | ||
| 1984 | 391,064 | 100,725 | 290,339 | 25.1 | 6.5 | 18.6 | - | ||
| 1985 | 389,599 | 98,089 | 291,510 | 24.6 | 6.2 | 18.4 | - | ||
| 1986 | 361,735 | 96,145 | 265,590 | 22.4 | 6.0 | 16.4 | - | ||
| 1987 | 357,723 | 97,756 | 259,967 | 21.8 | 6.0 | 15.8 | - | ||
| 1988 | 344,179 | 95,934 | 248,245 | 20.7 | 5.8 | 14.9 | - | ||
| 1989 | 363,343 | 105,239 | 258,104 | 21.6 | 6.3 | 15.3 | - | ||
| 1990 | 341,223 | 97,713 | 243,510 | 20.8 | 6.0 | 14.8 | - | ||
| 1991 | 356,593 | 95,574 | 261,019 | 21.7 | 5.8 | 15.9 | - | ||
| 1992 | 356,842 | 98,380 | 258,462 | 21.5 | 5.9 | 15.6 | - | ||
| 1993 | 350,707 | 96,179 | 254,528 | 20.8 | 5.7 | 15.1 | - | ||
| 1994 | 356,071 | 100,394 | 255,677 | 20.8 | 5.9 | 14.9 | - | ||
| 1995 | 343,224 | 104,707 | 238,517 | 19.9 | 6.0 | 13.9 | - | ||
| 1996 | 340,649 | 122,161 | 218,488 | 19.5 | 7.0 | 12.5 | - | ||
| 1997 | 333,219 | 114,591 | 218,628 | 18.8 | 6.4 | 12.4 | - | ||
| 1998 | 322,672 | 112,653 | 210,019 | 18.2 | 6.2 | 12.0 | - | ||
| 1999 | 328,725 | 115,330 | 213,395 | 18.1 | 6.3 | 11.8 | - | ||
| 2000 | 347,749 | 116,200 | 231,549 | 18.4 | 6.1 | 12.3 | - | ||
| 2001 | 358,583 | 112,858 | 245,725 | 18.9 | 5.9 | 13.0 | - | ||
| 2002 | 367,709 | 111,863 | 255,846 | 19.1 | 5.8 | 13.3 | - | ||
| 2003 | 370,643 | 115,495 | 255,148 | 18.9 | 5.9 | 13.0 | - | ||
| 2004 | 364,711 | 114,915 | 249,796 | 18.5 | 5.8 | 12.7 | - | ||
| 2005 | 370,731 | 132,097 | 238,634 | 18.1 | 6.5 | 11.6 | - | ||
| 2006 | 373,538 | 117,467 | 256,071 | 18.8 | 5.9 | 12.9 | - | ||
| 2007 | 386,573 | 118,992 | 267,581 | 19.2 | 5.9 | 13.3 | - | ||
| 2008 | 373,575 | 123,814 | 249,761 | 18.4 | 6.1 | 12.3 | - | ||
| 2009 | 368,304 | 127,776 | 240,528 | 18.0 | 6.2 | 11.8 | - | ||
| 2010 | 364,565 | 128,603 | 235,962 | 17.7 | 6.2 | 11.4 | - | ||
| 2011 | 363,415 | 123,261 | 240,154 | 17.4 | 5.9 | 11.5 | - | ||
| 2012 | 20,425,000 | 355,900 | 122,063 | 233,837 | 17.5 | 6.0 | 11.5 | 2.252 | |
| 2013 | 20,585,000 | 365,792 | 127,124 | 238,668 | 17.9 | 6.2 | 11.7 | -3.9 | 2.264 |
| 2014 | 20,771,000 | 349,715 | 127,758 | 221,957 | 16.8 | 6.2 | 10.6 | -1.6 | 2.148 |
| 2015 | 20,970,000 | 334,821 | 131,634 | 203,187 | 16.0 | 6.3 | 9.7 | -0.1 | 2.046 |
| 2016 | 21,203,000 | 331,073 | 130,765 | 200,308 | 15.6 | 6.2 | 9.4 | 1.7 | 1.985 |
| 2017 | 21,444,000 | 326,052 | 139,822 | 186,230 | 15.2 | 6.5 | 8.7 | 2.7 | 1.944 |
| 2018 | 21,670,000 | 328,112 | 139,498 | 188,614 | 15.1 | 6.4 | 8.7 | 1.8 | 1.937 |
| 2019 | 21,803,000 | 319,010 | 146,053 | 172,957 | 14.6 | 6.7 | 7.9 | -1.8 | 1.871 |
| 2020 | 21,919,000 | 301,706 | 132,431 | 169,275 | 13.8 | 6.0 | 7.8 | -2.5 | 1.756 |
| 2021 | 22,156,000 | 284,848 | 163,936 | 120,912 | 12.9 | 7.4 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 1.7 |
| 2022 | 22,181,000 | 275,321 | 179,792 | 95,529 | 12.4 | 8.1 | 4.3 | -3.2 | 1.65 |
| 2023 | 22,037,000 | 247,900 | 181,239 | 66,661 | 11.2 | 8.2 | 3.0 | -9.5 | 1.49 |
| 2024 | 21,763,170 | 220,761 | 171,194 | 49,567 | 10.1 | 7.8 | 2.3 | -14.9 | 1.37 |