Sprengel's deformity
Sprengel's deformity is a rare congenital skeletal abnormality where a person has one shoulder blade that sits higher on the back than the other. The deformity is due to a failure in early fetal development where the shoulder fails to descend properly from the neck to its final position. Majority of the cases are sporadic with very few having autosomal dominant inheritance.
The deformity is associated with the following conditions:
- Klippel–Feil syndrome
- congenital scoliosis,
- hemivertebrae,
- cervical ribs,
- fused ribs,
- omovertebral connections which are fibrous, cartilaginous or bony connection between the superomedial angle of scapula with the spinous process, lamina or transverse process of cervical spine
- spina bifida,
- cleft palate.
About 75% of all observed cases are girls. Treatment includes surgery in early childhood and physical therapy. Surgical treatment in adulthood is complicated by the risk of nerve damage when removing the omovertebral bone and when stretching the muscle tissue during relocation of the shoulder.
Presentation
The scapula is small and rotated so that its inferior edge points toward the spine. Sometimes a bony connection is present between the elevated scapula and one of the cervical vertebrae, usually C5 or C6. This connection is known as an omovertebral bone.There is a high correlation between Sprengel's deformity and Klippel–Feil syndrome.