Spiez
Spiez is a town and municipality on the shore of Lake Thun in the Bernese Oberland region of the Swiss canton of Bern. It is part of the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district. Besides the town of Spiez, the municipality also includes the settlements of Einigen, Hondrich, Faulensee, and Spiezwiler.
The official language of Spiez is German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
History
Spiez is first mentioned around 761-62 as Spiets.The area between the Kander and Lake Thun in modern Spiez was home to several large Bronze and Iron Age settlements. Three separate Bronze Age cemeteries with numerous graves contained a wealth of bronze axes, knives and cloak pins from 1750 to 1500 BC. On a nearby hill, the Bürg site is slightly younger and contained knives, arrow and spear heads, a horse's bridle and a razor. The Eggli hill top was apparently a religious site during the Bronze and Iron Ages. The center of the religious site was a granite block surrounded by ash from fires and thousands of shattered ceramic fragments. The Eggli site was probably used from about 1500 until 500 BC. Celtic graves from the 4th to 2nd century BC contained gold, amber and glass ornaments which were imported from over the Alps. A rare funerary urn was buried at Faulensee during the 1st century BC.
During the Roman era there was no permanent settlement in the area, but some Roman coins and Roman graves have been discovered. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages the Spiez area was home to several scattered settlements. According to Elogius Kiburger, the author of the Strättliger Chronicle, in 933 the King of Burgundy, Rudolph II, built Spiez Castle. Shortly thereafter, the Freiherr von Strättligen settled in the castle. Portions of the current castle shield walls and main tower were built during the 12th century and by the 13th century the town of Spiez existed outside the castle walls. By 1280 the castle was listed as an Imperial fief under Vogt Richard von Corbières. In 1289 the Freiherr von Strättligen was co-owner of the castle along with a succession of other noble families. In 1308 King Albert I of Habsburg was murdered at Windisch on the Reuss, by his nephew Duke John Parricida. As part of their retaliation for the murder, the Habsburgs withdrew half of the Spiez fief from Thüring von Brandis and granted the whole fief to Johannes von Strättligen. Thirty years later, in 1338, Johannes sold the castle, town, church and surrounding villages to Johann II von Bubenberg who was the Schultheiss of Bern. By 1340, the Bubenberg appointed vogt took orders from Bern, but was obligated to raise troops for the Habsburgs. As Bern was de facto independent from their former overlords, the Habsburgs, this created an unstable situation which remained for over 40 years. After the Bernese and Swiss Confederation victory over the Habsburgs in the Battle of Sempach in 1386, the Habsburgs gave up their land claims west of the Aare, which included Spiez.
The former Church of St. Laurentius, next to the castle, was first mentioned in 761–62, when the patronage rights over the church were given to Ettenheim Monastery in Breisgau. The church was one of the twelve Lake Thun churches in the Strättliger Chronicle. The current early Romanesque building was built during the 7th or 8th century, while the crypt dates from about 1000. Outside the church, a number of graves from the 7th and 8th centuries have also been discovered. It was the parish church for a parish that included Spiez, Spiezwiler, Einigen, Faulensee and Hondrich. When Bern adopted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation in 1528, the church became the center of the new Reformed parish.
The castle and surrounding land remained with the Bubenberg family until their extinction in 1506, when it was acquired by Ludwig von Diesbach. Von Diesbach held it for ten years before Ludwig von Erlach acquired the castle and lands. The von Erlach family ruled the town and villages until the 1798 French invasion.
The town charter was first documented in 1406, however there were citizens of Spiez with some codified rights as far back as 1312. A town wall was built early in Spiez's history. However, it fell into disrepair and was destroyed in a fire in 1600. Over time the surrounding villages came to be included in the town charter and their residents became citizens of Spiez. After the 1798 French invasion and the creation of the Helvetic Republic, the von Erlach family lost their land rights and jurisdiction over the village, but retained ownership of the castle until 1875.
Historically the residents of Spiez and the surrounding villages raised orchards and vineyards on along the lake, fished in the lake and shipped goods along the lake or raised crops in the valleys. The vineyards of Spiez were first mentioned in 1338 and remained in operation until an outbreak of disease destroyed the plants in 1900. An attempt in 1927 to restart the wine industry on Spiez mountain and at Faulensee was fairly successful. The villages along the Kander were often threatened by flooding, until the Kander was diverted into the lake in 1711–13. The construction of the Lake Thun road in 1844 and steam ship docks in 1835, 1876 and 1926 helped open the town to the rest of the country. Due to the mild climate and transportation links, Spiez became a popular health and spa town in the 19th century. Beginning in 1856 resorts and hotels, including the Schonegg, Spiezerhof and Faulensee-Bad, opened along the lake shore. The Thun-Spiez-Interlaken, Spiez-Zweisimmen-Montreux and Spiez-Frutigen-Lötschberg-Simplon railroads all helped the tourist industry and the rest of the town to grow. The growing population led to the construction of a secondary school and seven primary schools around the municipality. In the 1980s the A6 and A8 motorways further connected Spiez and the surrounding villages. In 1990 the Kander Tunnel opened, which helped reduce noise and pollution in the municipality.
Geography
Spiez is located on the south shore of Lake Thun, stretching along a ridge that separates the lake front from the Kander that runs parallel and to the south. From its lowest point on the lake, at above sea level, it reaches a height of on the ridge at Hondrichhügel.The municipality comprises five villages : Spiez, Einigen, Hondrich, Faulensee and Spiezwiler. It has an area of. As of 2012, a total of or 36.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 29.9% is forested. The rest of the municipality is or 31.6% is settled, or 2.0% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.9% is unproductive land.
During the same year, industrial buildings made up 2.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 17.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 9.5%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.4%. A total of 28.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 5.5% is used for growing crops and 28.0% is pasturage, while 2.6% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the water in the municipality, 1.0% is in lakes and 1.0% is in rivers and streams.
On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Niedersimmental, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Frutigen-Niedersimmental.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent three Piles Azure issuing from the base.Demographics
Spiez has a population of., 8.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has changed at a rate of -0.5%. Migration accounted for -0.7%, while births and deaths accounted for 0%.Most of the population speaks German as their first language, Serbo-Croatian is the second most common and French is the third. There are 100 people who speak Italian and 5 people who speak Romansh.
, the population was 48.5% male and 51.5% female. The population was made up of 5,521 Swiss men and 533 non-Swiss men. There were 5,905 Swiss women and 516 non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 3,135 or about 26.1% were born in Spiez and lived there in 2000. There were 5,220 or 43.4% who were born in the same canton, while 2,014 or 16.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 1,198 or 10.0% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers make up 18.8% of the population, while adults make up 59.2% and seniors make up 22%.
, there were 4,678 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 5,862 married individuals, 840 widows or widowers and 647 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 1,924 households that consist of only one person and 275 households with five or more people., a total of 5,109 apartments were permanently occupied, while 795 apartments were seasonally occupied and 200 apartments were empty., the construction rate of new housing units was 2 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.51%. In 2011, single family homes made up 52.3% of the total housing in the municipality.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
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PlotArea = top:20 left:35 bottom:20 right:35
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bar:1764 from:start till:1059 text:"1,059"
bar:1850 from:start till:2115 text:"2,115"
bar:1860 from:start till:2132 text:"2,132"
bar:1870 from:start till:2079 text:"2,079"
bar:1880 from:start till:2214 text:"2,214"
bar:1888 from:start till:2045 text:"2,045"
bar:1900 from:start till:3031 text:"3,031"
bar:1910 from:start till:3503 text:"3,503"
bar:1920 from:start till:4547 text:"4,547"
bar:1930 from:start till:4992 text:"4,992"
bar:1941 from:start till:5679 text:"5,679"
bar:1950 from:start till:6536 text:"6,536"
bar:1960 from:start till:8168 text:"8,168"
bar:1970 from:start till:9911 text:"9,911"
bar:1980 from:start till:9800 text:"9,800"
bar:1990 from:start till:11182 text:"11,182"
bar:2000 from:start till:12027 text:"12,027"
bar:2010 from:start till:12276 text:"12,276"