Spanish conjugation
This article presents a set of paradigms—that is, conjugation tables—of Spanish verbs, including examples of regular verbs and some of the most common irregular verbs. For other irregular verbs and their common patterns, see the article on Spanish irregular verbs.
The tables include only the "simple" tenses, and not the "compound" tenses, such as the progressive, perfect, and passive voice. The progressive aspects are formed by using the appropriate tense of estar + present participle, and the perfect constructions are formed by using the appropriate tense of haber + past participle. When the past participle is used in this way, it invariably ends with -o. In contrast, when the participle is used as an adjective, it agrees in gender and number with the noun modified. Similarly, the participle agrees with the subject when it is used with ser to form the "true" passive voice, and also when it is used with estar to form a "passive of result", or stative passive.
The pronouns yo, tú, vos, él, nosotros, vosotros and ellos are used to symbolise the three persons and two numbers. Note, however, that Spanish is a pro-drop language, and so it is the norm to omit subject pronouns when not needed for contrast or emphasis. The subject, if specified, can easily be something other than these pronouns. For example, él, ella, or usted can be replaced by a noun phrase, or the verb can appear with impersonal se and no subject. The first-person plural expressions nosotros, nosotras, tú y yo, or él y yo can be replaced by a noun phrase that includes the speaker. The same comments hold for vosotros and ellos.
Regular verbs
''-ar'' conjugation (''amar'', 'to love')
''-er'' conjugation (''temer'', 'to fear')
''-ir'' conjugation (''partir'', 'to split/depart')
Irregular verbs
''ser'', 'to be (in essence)'
This is an Oy-Yo verb.Stem: s-, fu-, er-, se-.
There are two ways to say "To be" in Spanish: ser and estar. They both mean "to be", but they are used in different ways. As a rule of thumb, ser is used to describe permanent or almost permanent conditions and estar to describe temporary ones.
''estar'', 'to be (in a state)'
This is an Oy-Yo verb.Stem: esta-, estoy, este-, estu-.
''haber'', 'to have (aux.)'
Stem: hab-, h-, habr-, hay-, hub-.''tener'', 'to have (possession)'
This is a diphthonging G-Verb.Stem: te-, teng-, tie-, tu.
''ir'', 'to go'
This is an Oy-Yo verb.Stem: i-, y-, v-, fu-.