Southern Appalachian low-elevation pine forest
The Southern Appalachian low-elevation pine forest is a forest system that occurs in Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. It is found in the lower elevations of the southern Appalachian Mountains and adjacent Piedmont and Cumberland Plateau, extending into part of the Interior Low Plateaus. Pine Mountain (Bartow County, Georgia) is a great example of this forest type, as well as Sweat Mountain in the northern part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. Both of these mountain ridges are dominated by Pinus virginiana
Flora
These forests are dominated by shortleaf pine, Virginia pine and Loblolly Pine in the southern and western portions of the region. They can occur on a variety of topographic and landscape positions, including ridgetops, upper and midslopes, and lower elevations in the Southern Appalachians. Examples occur on a variety of acidic bedrock types.Pitch pine may sometimes be present. Hardwoods are sometimes abundant, especially dry-site oaks such as southern red oak, chestnut oak, and scarlet oak, but also pignut hickory, red maple, and others. The shrub layer may be well-developed, with hillside blueberry, black huckleberry, or other acid-tolerant species most characteristic. Herbs are usually sparse but may include narrowleaf silkgrass and goat-rue.
This system is distinguished from Southern Appalachian montane pine forest and woodland by its occurrence over larger areas of less extreme terrain. The vegetation is similar, but pitch pine and table mountain pine are more typical in the montane pine forests and woodlands.