Solar power in Belgium


Solar power in Belgium reached an installed capacity of 9.9 GW at the end of 2023, an increase of 1.8 GW from 2022.
Belgium had 4,254 MW of solar power generating 3,563 GWh of electricity in 2018. In 2015 PV solar power accounted for around 4% of Belgium's total electricity demand, the 4th highest penetration figure in the world, although the country is some way behind the leaders Germany, Italy and Greece at between 7% and 8% of electricity demand. Installed capacity grew at an outstanding pace from 2008 until 2012, but growth then slowed to a steady pace before the large increases in 2022. Almost all of solar power in Belgium is grid connected.

Timeline

2007
Installed capacity of solar power increased drastically after 2007. During 2009 the amount of solar installations quadrupled from 16,000 to 65,000. Residential and small installations had a combined power of about 220 MWp.
2009
In December 2009, there were 35,500 solar power installations in the Flemish region, 17,000 in Wallonia and 7,000 in the Brussels Capital Region. The number of installations in the Flemish region in particular was expanding rapidly at that time due to a favourable support measure expiring at the end of the year.
2011
At the end of 2011 the bulk of photovoltaic capacity was installed in the Flemish Region, the remaining 12% was found mostly in Wallonia. The smaller Brussels-Capital Region had an installed capacity of 7 MWp..
2013
In 2013, Belgium's watt per capita distribution, the total installed photovoltaic capacity per inhabitant, amounted to 267 watts. This was the third highest per-capita figure in the European Union—and therefore also in the world at that time—just behind Germany and Italy. In terms of the overall installed capacity of 2,983 MW, Belgium ranked tenth and belonged to the Top 10 leading photovoltaic countries in the world.
2014
In the afternoon of 20 March 2014, a new record of peak electricity generation had been achieved. According to the power supplier Eneco Energie, more than two gigawatt of electric power, corresponding to two full-sized nuclear power plants, were generated by solar PV and supplied more than 20 percent of the overall electricity consumption at the time.
2015
In 2015 Solar PV per capita amounted to 287 Watts, the third highest in the world after Germany and Italy, providing around 4% of Belgium's total electricity demand.
2016
Solar PV per capita grew to 302.8 Watts, remaining the third highest in the EU.
2020
Between 2010 and 2020, renewable electricity production nearly tripled, rising from 5.4 terawatt-hours to 23.4 TWh. Solar PV generation experienced significant growth as well, increasing its share of total electricity generation from 0.6% to 5.8% over the same timeframe.
2022
In March 2022, a EUR 1.2 billion initiative was launched to increase renewable electricity production. This initiative funds solar photovoltaic installations at national railway stations, equipped with electric vehicle smart charging, and on federal buildings. It also supports the development of large-scale floating solar PV projects. To further encourage the use of solar PV, the initiative includes a reduction in the Value Added Tax on solar PV panels to 6% for the years 2022 and 2023. Additionally, it streamlines the process for obtaining permits and licenses for onshore solar PV projects.
OVAM, the public waste agency of the Flemish-speaking macro-region of Flanders, has created an online map of the region's 2,500 landfills. They cover a total surface area of more than 100 square kilometers. The agency said most of the sites are currently inactive. Only 2% of the region's waste is being brought to such locations.

Notable installations

Pairi Daiza Brugelette Solar PV Plant is a 20MW solar PV power project in Hainaut, Belgium. Construction commenced in 2019 and it entered into commercial operation in 2020.
Kristal Solar PV Park is a 99.5MW solar PV power project located in Limburg, Belgium. The project construction commenced in 2018 and subsequently entered into commercial operation in June 2019.
Zelzate – LTi REEnergy Solar PV Park is a 15MW solar PV power project located in East Flanders, Belgium. The project was commissioned in November 2013.
In 2011, a above ground "tunnel", built to avoid having to fell trees for a new high-speed railroad, was covered with solar panels.
Trunsun Solar Park is a 10MW solar PV power project. It was commissioned in 2010 and is located in Limburg, Belgium.
Invictus-Antwerpen Solar PV Park is a 40MW solar PV power project commissioned in December 2009. It is located in Antwerp, Belgium.
In October 2009, the city of Antwerp announced that they planned to install 2,500 m2 of solar panels on roofs of public buildings, that would generate 265MWh per annum.
In 2009, the city of Leuven installed 1,810 solar panels on public buildings.

Solar PV market by segment

In 2017, nearly 63% of solar power installed in Belgium consisted of small systems under 10 kW, mostly residential rooftop solar PV. Larger systems over 250 kW accounted for almost 20% of the total.

Residential Solar PV Capacity

According to a report on behalf of the European Commission in 2015 Belgium Flanders had an estimated 1,301 MW of residential solar PV capacity with 336,000 residential solar PV prosumers in the country representing 7.1% of households. The average size of residential solar PV systems is estimated to be 3.87 kW moving to 2030. The technical potential for residential solar PV in Belgium Flanders is estimated at 7,327 MW and Belgium Wallonia at 3,753 MW. The payback time for residential Solar PV in Belgium Flanders was 14.7 years whilst in Belgium Wallonia it was 6.9 years as of 2015. Some of the advantages of small scale residential Solar include eliminating the need for extra land, keeping cost saving advantages in local communities and empowering households to become prosumers of renewable electricity and thus raising awareness of wasteful consumption habits and environmental issues through direct experience.

Flanders

As of July 2012, there were already 42,644 photovoltaic installations in the Flemish region that had received green certificates.

Subsidies

By 2011, it became clear that Flemish subsidies for solar panels had had a significant impact on the cost of electricity of households without a photovoltaic installation. An added cost of up to 148 EUR was charged annually. Flemish minister for Energy Freya van den Bossche admitted that subsidies were too high, especially for large-scale installations. The guaranteed minimum price for electricity produced was reduced. For small photovoltaic installations, it was reduced from 330 EUR per MWh to 250 EUR per MWh by January 2012 with the goal of reaching renewable energy targets at a reasonable cost. This resulted in a rally which caused the number of installations to almost double from 20,514 to 37,355 in 2011. The minimum price was lowered further to 93 EUR per MWh from 2013 onwards.