Cuphophyllus virgineus
Cuphophyllus virgineus is a species of agaric in the family Hygrophoraceae. Its recommended English common name is snowy waxcap in the UK. The species has a largely north temperate distribution, occurring in grassland in Europe and in woodland in northern Asia and North America. It typically produces basidiocarps in the autumn.
Taxonomy
The species was first described in 1781 by the Austrian mycologist Franz Xaver von Wulfen as Agaricus virgineus. It was subsequently combined in a number of different genera, being transferred to Hygrocybe in 1969 before being transferred to Cuphophyllus. The specific epithet comes from Latin "virgineus". Hygrocybe nivea, first described by the Italian mycologist and naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1772, was sometimes distinguished by producing smaller and more slender fruit bodies than H. virginea, but is now regarded as a synonym.Molecular research published in 2011, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences found that Hygrocybe virginea does not belong in Hygrocybe ''sensu stricto and belongs in the genus Cuphophyllus'' instead.
Description
are agaricoid. The cap is convex at first, becoming flat or slightly depressed when expanded, up to across. The cap surface is smooth, waxy when damp, hygrophanous and somewhat translucent with a striate margin, white to ivory. The lamellae are waxy, cap-coloured, and decurrent. The stipe is up to 7 cm long, smooth, cylindrical or tapering to the base, cap-coloured, and waxy when damp. The flesh is white with a mild smell and bitter to acrid flavor. The spore print is white, the spores smooth, inamyloid, ellipsoid, about 7.0 to 8.5 by 4.5 to 5.0 μm.The species is sometimes parasitized by the mould Marquandomyces marquandi, which colours the lamellae violet.